Bio Chapter 35

Front 1

Animals have what kind of growth ? (determinate or indeterminate)

Back 1

determinate- they stop growing at maturity

Front 2

Plants have what kind of growth? (determinate or indeterminate)

Back 2

indeterminate- never stop growing throughout lifetime

Front 3

Regions where cells continue active division

Back 3

meristems

Front 4

Meristems consist of undifferentiated growth called...?

Back 4

initials and their immediate derivatives

Front 5

What two parts does the initial break off into?

Back 5

initial and derivative

Front 6

The derivative that comes from the initial provides what function?

Back 6

goes on to differentiate

Front 7

the initial that comes from the initial provides what function?

Back 7

it remains in the meristem

Front 8

What is the process by which genetically identical cells mature into different cell types?

Back 8

differentiation

Front 9

This type of growth occurs in all plants, and it increases the length of roots and shoots; occurs as a result of cell divisions in apical meristems at tips of roots and stems

Back 9

primary growth

Front 10

This type of growth occurs in woody plants only; it increases the width of roots and shoots; occurs as a result of cell division in lateral meristems; provides structural support

Back 10

secondary growth

Front 11

these type of meristems can be found at the base of the root

Back 11

basal meristems

Front 12

In this zone, there is differentiation of cells; root hairs arise, and it is the site of water and nutrient uptake

Back 12

zone of cellular maturation

Front 13

in this zone, one can find vascular tissue, ground tissue, and epidermal tissue; this zone increases root length

Back 13

zone of cellular elongation

Front 14

in this zone, one can find root apical meristem and the root cap

Back 14

zone of cellular division

Front 15

For primary growth in shoots, where is the apical meristem?

Back 15

at the tip of the shoot

Front 16

Woody shoots have terminal buds that open to reveal what?

Back 16

young leaves

Front 17

Woody shoots occur where there is elongation of what?

Back 17

internodes

Front 18

These are left on trees by petiols and leaf veins

Back 18

leaf scars

Front 19

This type of growth increases the width (diameter) of roots and shoots in woody plants

Back 19

secondary growth

Front 20

This type os growth occurs as a result of cell divisions in the lateral meristems of vascular cambium and cork cambium and it provides structural support

Back 20

Secondary growth

Front 21

What adds cells to the inside (xylem) and the outside (phloem) of the meristem?

Back 21

vascular cambium

Front 22

what only adds cells to the outside?

Back 22

cork cambium

Front 23

from inside to outside, list the two types of cambium and vascular tissue.

Back 23

secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, cork cambium

Front 24

Is production of secondary tissue symmetrical or asymmetrical?

Back 24

asymmetrical

Front 25

Is wood secondary xylem, primary xylem, secondary phloem, or primary phloem?

Back 25

secondary xylem

Front 26

All the tissue outside the vascular cambium is called what?

Back 26

bark

Front 27

what are the two types of bark?

Back 27

inner bark and outer bark

Front 28

This type of bark is all tissues between vascular cambium and cork cambium (phloem); it is the living part of the bark

Back 28

inner bark

Front 29

This type of bark is everything outside the cork cambium (cork); all tissues are dead at maturity

Back 29

outer bark

Front 30

what does bark replace that was formed during primary growth?

Back 30

epidermis

Front 31

these are responsible for gas exchange

Back 31

lenticel

Front 32

the result of periodic activity of vascular cambium in seasonal habitats

Back 32

growth rings in trees

Front 33

trees with continuous cambial activity lack what?
ex. trees in tropical rainforests

Back 33

growth rings

Front 34

the width of growth rings vary due to...(6 factors )

Back 34

species, light, temperature, rainfall, available soil water, length of growing season

Front 35

this is the inner secondary xylem, older, non-conductiong wood in center, may be infiltrated by oils, gums, resins, and tannins, is used for storage of inhibitory or toxic metabolites

Back 35

heartwood

Front 36

this is the outer secondary xylem that is younger, conducting wood that surrounds the heartwood, transports water

Back 36

sapwood

Front 37

organic compounds that are not necessary for normal plant metabolism; most are chemically similar to molecules necessary for basic cell activities; arose as mutations in genes coding for normal enzymes

Back 37

secondary metabolites

Front 38

These compounds are toxic to herbivores, toxic to plants, and usually sequestered in specialized reservoirs
ex. trichomes, cell vacuoles, resin ducts

Back 38

plant defensive compounds

Front 39

these are all examples of which type of plant defensive compound?
ex. opium, morphine, codeine, cocaine, nicotine, heroin

Back 39

alkaloids