Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is in the phylum Porifera
|
sponges
|
|
|
What phyla are sponges in
|
porifera
|
|
|
What is the type of feeding that sponges use
|
suspension feeding they feed on particles of food passing by
|
|
|
What is the spongocoel
|
it is the central cavity where the water is filtered
|
|
|
In a sponge where does the water exit
|
The osculum
|
|
|
What seperates sponges from eumetazoans
|
they lack true tissue
|
|
|
What cells line the interior of a spongocoel
|
chanocytes or collar cells
|
|
|
What do the chanocytes do
|
they create a current of water by mocing their flagellum then they trap the floating food particles and digest them through phagocytosis
|
|
|
The body of a sponge consists of two layers of cells seperated by a gelatinous region what is this gelatinous region called
|
mesohyl
|
|
|
In the body of a sponge what moves through the mesohyl
|
amoebocytes
|
|
|
What do the amoebocytes do
|
they carry food to other parts of the sponge and make the skeltal fibers of the sponge
|
|
|
How do male sponges impregnate female sponges
|
they dont sponges are hermaphrodites
|
|
|
Where do the sponges gametes come from
|
the choanocytes or amoebocytes
|
|
|
Where does the egg form in sponges
|
the mesohyl
|
|
|
How do sponges maintain variance
|
cross fertalization using water currents to carry sperm
|
|
|
How can sponges help people
|
they produce alot of antibiotics
|
|
|
What makes Cnidarians unique
|
they have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes
|
|
|
What belongs to the clade Eumetazoa
|
everything but sponges which are in the clade Metazoa
|
|
|
What are some types of cnidarians
|
jellies , corals, and hydras
|
|
|
What is a gastrovascular cavity
|
a central digestive sac that functions as a mouth and an ass
|
|
|
Cnidarians have two forms what are they
|
the sessile polyp and the floating medusa
|
|
|
What are polyps
|
cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of the body
|
|
|
What is a medusa
|
a flattened mouth down version of the polyp
|
|
|
Cnidarians are herbavores
|
false they are carnivores
|
|
|
What is the purpose fo cnidocytes
|
they contain cnidae or nematocysts which are stinging cells that act for attacking or defense
|
|
|
What classes are Cnidaria seperated into
|
Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and ANthozoa
|
|
|
What is unique about Hydrozoans
|
they alternate between polyp and medusa form and they are colonial and interconnected when in the polyp stage
|
|
|
In the Hydrozoan group there is an animal called a hydra what is unique about them
|
they live in fresh water and they exist only in the polyp form and only reproduce sexually when conditions are bad then the zygote goes doorment
|
|
|
What is unique about Scyphozoans
|
They spend most of their time in the medusa stage Most costal Scyphozoans have a short polyp stage those in the ocean dont have one at all
|
|
|
What is unique about Cubozoans
|
They have a cube shape, complex eyes,and have highly toxic cnidocytes
|
|
|
What is a very deadly type of cubozoan
|
the sea wasp
|
|
|
What is a more common name for Anthozoans
|
corals
|
|
|
What is unique about Anthozoans (coral )
|
they are very sessile and colonial and they are dying out
|
|
|
Flatworms belong to what phylum
|
platyhelminthes
|
|
|
What is a platyhelminthe
|
a flatworm
|
|
|
Flat worms are diploblasts
|
not triploblasts
|
|
|
Why are flat worms flat
|
the shape allow for gas exchange and elimintaion of nitrogenous waste to occur by diffusion
|
|
|
How do flat worms maintain osmotic balance
|
through flame bulbs
|
|
|
What are the four classes of flatworms
|
Turbellaria, Monogenea, Trematoda, and Cesoda
|
|
|
What is the most known kind of Turbellarian
|
Planarians
|
|
|
How do planarias move
|
they can move across slime that they make or the are able to swim
|
|
|
How do planarias reproduce
|
asexually and sometime heterosexually
|
|
|
How do Monogeneans and Trematode survive
|
They are paracites
|
|
|
What is unique about Trematodes
|
They have a complex sexual life cycle, they also normally have an intermeadiate host for the larva stage
|
|
|
How do blood flukes evade immune systems
|
by mimicking the surface proteins of its hosts creating a partial immunological camouflage
|
|
|
What are the main hosts for Monogeneans
|
fish
|
|
|
What is the anteior end of tape worms called
|
the scolex and it is armed with hooks that lock to the intestantal line
|
|
|
How do tape worms digest food
|
they absorb it across the body surface
|
|
|
What is the ribbon material in a tape worm called
|
Proglottids
|
|
|
What is the function of the Proglottids
|
they are little sacks that contain tape worm eggs
|
|
|
Rotifers have a mouthe and an anus
|
true
|
|
|
What is the digestive tube with a separate mouth and anus called
|
a alimentary canal
|
|
|
How do rotifers get nutrients to other parts of the body
|
they have to move around
|
|
|
What is the digestive tract in rotifers called
|
pharynx bears jaws
|
|
|
What does the pharynx bears jaws do
|
it grinds up food mostly microorganisms
|
|
|
What are the ways rotifers reproduce
|
they either make females from unfertilized eggs or the make males and females from unfertilized eggs and the males fertilize eggs and then die
|
|
|
What is it called when you make offspring from unfertalized eggs
|
parthenogensis
|
|
|
I rotifers what is the purpose of making males
|
they fertaize egges and these eggs have the ability to survive when the ponds drys up
|
|
|
What is something that has confused scientists about rotifers
|
they have survived so long without sexual reproduction without getting diseases
|
|
|
Why do people call bilaterians in the phyla Ectoprocts Phoronids and Brachiopods Lophophorates
|
because they all have a lophophore which is a horse shoe shaped circulation of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth
|
|
|
What are some other similarities in the Lophophorates
|
U- shaped alimentary canal and the absence of a distict head
|
|
|
What seperates Lophophorates from flatworms and rotifers
|
they have true coelom completely lined with mesoderm
|
|
|
What are Ectoprocts
|
colonial animals that superficially resemble plant
|
|
|
Do Ectoprocts move
|
no they are sessile
|
|
|
What are Phoronids
|
Tube dwelling marine worms
|
|
|
How do the Phoronids get food
|
They live in tubes and they shoot out their lophores and suck up the food
|
|
|
What is unique about Brachiopods
|
they the resemble clams except the shells close dorsal and vantral
|
|
|
What is unique about Nemerteans
|
they are commonly called ribbon worms they feed through a proboscis that is shot at prey and delievers toxins
|
|
|
What features do Nemerteans have that flatworms do not
|
they have an alimentary canal and a closed circulatory system
|
|
|
What is in the closed circulatory system of Nemerteans and do the have a heart
|
blood and they have no heart
|
|
|
Do all moluscs live in the water
|
no snails and slugs live on land
|
|
|
If all molluscs have shells how are slugs squids and octopuses molluscs
|
they have a reduced internal shell or have lost their shell
|
|
|
What are the main part of a mollusc
|
the muscular foot used for movement , a visceral mass containing the internal organs, a mantle makes the shell
|
|
|
What is in the mantle cavity
|
it houses the gills, anus, and excritory pores
|
|
|
How do many molluscs feed
|
they use a radula to scrape up food
|
|
|
What type of mollusc is mostly a hermaphrodite
|
snails
|
|
|
What is a trochohore
|
the ciliated larval stage characteristic in molluscs and marine annelids
|
|
|
What are four classes of moluscs
|
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda
|
|
|
What is unique about Chitons
|
they have an oval shaped bosy divided into eight dorsal plates but the body is unsegmented they eat algea and live on rocks
|
|
|
What is the most common type of mollusc
|
a gastropod
|
|
|
What is torsion
|
it is a process found in gastropods that the anus and other body parts move up into the shell
|
|
|
Gastropods are all herbavores
|
no some of them have adaptations in their radula that makes them able to break through the shells of other molluscs and eat them
|
|
|
What are bivalves
|
big shelled animals like oysters, mussels and scallops
|
|
|
How do Bivalves eat
|
They trap food particles in mucus that coats their gills and cillia then move the particles to the mouth
|
|
|
How do they breath
|
water enters the mantle through the incurrent siphon and passes over the gills and then exits the mantle cavity through an excurrent siphon
|
|
|
What is an example of a cephalopod
|
an octopus
|
|
|
Where is the foot of a cephalopod
|
it has become the excurrent siphon parts of the tenticles and the head
|
|
|
Are there any shelled octopuses
|
yes the shelled nautales
|
|
|
Which mollusc has a shelled circulatory system
|
the octopuses/ cephlopods
|
|
|
What are some of the smartest invertabretes
|
cephlopods
|
|
|
what were shelled cephalopods called
|
ammonites
|
|
|
When did ammonites disapear
|
during the end of the cretaceous period
|
|
|
What clade are segmented worms found in
|
annelids
|
|
|
what is a common name for annelids
|
segmented worms
|
|
|
What are the classes of annelids
|
oligochaetes Polychaeta and Hirudinea
|
|
|
How do earth worms eat
|
They take in nutrients from the soil
|
|
|
What are oligochaetes named after
|
the chaetae or bristles made of chitin
|
|
|
Are earth worms hermaphrodites
Do the sexually reproduce |
yes
yes by alineing themselves in a way that they can exchange sperm |
|
|
What is unique about Polychaetes
|
they have parapodia that are almost feet and function for locomotion
|
|
|
What is another thing that the parapodia are used for
|
they have gills on them
|
|
|
Are leaches only paracites
|
no some are predatores
|
|
|
What are the ways that a leech feeds
|
they either cut holes in the skin or release digestive enzymes on the skin
|
|
|
After the leech breaks the skin why don't people notice
|
they use anesthetic
|
|
|
After the leech breaks the skin why don't people stop bleeding
|
they release an anti coagulante called hirudin
|
|
|
What is a common name for a nematode
|
round worm
|
|
|
What clade is the round worm in
|
Nematode
|
|
|
What is the body shape of the nematode
|
it is cylandrical with the end going into a fine point and the head being blunt
|
|
|
What is the rough coat that covers Nematodes
|
the cuticle
|
|
|
Do nematoeds have a circulatory system or an alimentary canal
|
no but they do have an alimentary canal
|
|
|
How do Nematodes usually reproduce
|
sexual reproduction
|
|
|
Most arthropods are what
|
insects
|
|
|
Which is one of the most successful phyla
|
Arthropods
|
|
|
What are some important characteristics of arthropods
|
segmentation hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages
|
|
|
What is a name for early arthropods
|
trilobites
|
|
|
Whatis the difference between trilobites and arthropods
|
arthropods segments fused into more specialized parts
|
|
|
What si the body of an arthropod covered by
|
exoskeleton
|
|
|
In order to grow what must an arthropod do
|
molt
|
|
|
do arthropods have well developed sensory organs
|
yes
|
|
|
Do arthropods have blood
|
no the have hemloymph
|
|
|
How do terestrial arthropods complete gas exchange
|
internally
|
|
|
What are the four major lineages of arthropods
|
Cheliceriforms, Myriapods, hexapods , and crustaceans
|
|
|
What do chelicerae serve as
|
pincers or fangs
|
|
|
DO Chliceriforms have antennae
|
no
|
|
|
What where the early chliceriforms called
|
eurypterids
|
|
|
Are most Cheliceriforms marine
|
no they used to be
|
|
|
Besides insects what is the largest family of cheliceriform
|
aracnids
|
|
|
What type of lungs do Cheliceriforms have
|
book lungs
|
|
|
DO Cheliceriforms have blood
|
no hemolymph
|
|
|
What is a common Myripods
|
centipedes and millapedes
|
|
|
Are any myriapods marine and what type of mouthes do they have
|
no
mandibles |
|
|
In centipedes where are the legs
|
each trunk segment has two
|
|
|
Are millipedes and cenatpedes decomposers
|
no centapedes are carnivorous
|
|
|
What is mainly found in hexapoda
|
insects
|
|
|
What spurred an explosion in insect variety
|
flight in the carboniferous and permian periods
|
|
|
What was the first insect to fly
|
the dragon fly
|
|
|
What is incomplete metamorphosys
|
in grass hoppers young resemble adults complete would be if larval was totally different than adult
|
|
|
Which arthropod is mostly marine
|
crustations
|
|
|
What species is biramous and what does this mean
|
crustations they have branched appendages
|
|
|
HOw do crustations breath and dispose of waste
|
across their cuticle
|
|
|
What is the largest group of crustations
|
isopods they are small decapods are large
|
|
|
What are planktonic crustations
|
copepods
|
|
|
Which species has deuterostome like qualities
|
the Echinoderms they have radial symmetry and develop the mouth second
|
|
|
Are most echinoderms sessile
|
yes
|
|
|
What is unique about echinoderms
|
the water vascular system branching into their tube feet that function for feeding moving and gas exchange
|
|
|
If echinoderms are eumetazoans why do they have radial symmetry
|
they had bilateral as larva
|
|
|
WHat can echinoderms be broken down into
|
sea stars, brittle stars, sea Urchins and sand dollars, Sea Lilies and feather stars, Sea cucumbers, sea dasies
|
