Bio Chapter 30 Definitions

Front 1

Monophyletic

Back 1

A group consisting of all the descendants and only the descendants of a common ancestor.

Front 2

Extracellular Matrix

Back 2

A mixture, such as Collagen, that cells secrete.

Front 3

Heterotrophs

Back 3

Consumers who depend on producers for raw materials and energy.

Front 4

Sessile

Back 4

Firmly attached to the ground or some other surface.

Front 5

Zygote

Back 5

The union of a haploid sperm and a haploid egg cell. The Zygote is diploid.

Front 6

Cleavage

Back 6

A series of mitotic cell divisions that the zygote undergoes as a period of embryonic development.

Front 7

Blastula

Back 7

A hollow ball of cells that is formed during cleavage. Serves as the basis for the rest of the organism.

Front 8

Larva

Back 8

A stage of life between birth and adulthood that most animals must go through. Requires metamorphosis to mature.

Front 9

Metamorphosis

Back 9

A developmental process that converts an immature animal into a juvenile form that can grow into an adult.

Front 10

Plankton

Back 10

Microscopic animals that are suspended in the water. Serves as a food source for slightly larger animals.

Front 11

Osmoregulation

Back 11

A process saltwater species have evolved which removes excess water from its system while retaining salts. Requires an expenditure of energy.

Front 12

Shared Derived Character

Back 12

A trait that all members of a given clade can be said to have. This unites them.

Front 13

Body plan

Back 13

The basic structural and functional design of the body.

Front 14

Opisthokonts

Back 14

The name of the monophyletic group containing choanoflagellates, fungi and animals.

Front 15

Molecular Systematics

Back 15

The science that focuses on molecular structure to clarify evolutionary relationships.

Front 16

The Principal Of Parsimony

Back 16

The idea that complex molecules are unlikely to have evolved more than once.

Front 17

The Ediacaran Period

Back 17

The period of time in which the oldest known fossils have been found. May be when life started.

Front 18

Cambrian Radiation/Cambrian Explosion

Back 18

The rapid evolution of an amazing variety of body plans.

Front 19

Evo Devo

Back 19

Evolutionary Developmental Biology

Front 20

Hox Genes

Back 20

A group of regulatory Gene's that specify the Anterior-Posterior axis during development.

Front 21

Radial Symmetry

Back 21

Can be cut along several axis and still be the same. (Hydra)

Front 22

Bilateral Symmetry

Back 22

Can be divided on only one plane to produce roughly equivalent left and right halves that are mirror images.

Front 23

Cephalization

Back 23

The development of a head where sensory structures are connected.

Front 24

Dorsal

Back 24

The back surface of an animal

Front 25

Ventral

Back 25

The belly surface of an animal.

Front 26

Anterior

Back 26

Towards the head end of an animal

Front 27

Posterior

Back 27

Towards the tail end of an animal

Front 28

Sagittal plane

Back 28

Where an animal can be divided into two mirror parts.

Front 29

Frontal plane

Back 29

Divides an animal into dorsal and ventral parts.

Front 30

Transverse section/cross section

Back 30

Separates the anterior and posterior

Front 31

Tissues

Back 31

Organized cells that carry out a specific function.

Front 32

Ectoderm

Back 32

The outer germ layer, gives rise to the tissues that form the outer covering of the body as well as nervous tissue.

Front 33

Endoderm

Back 33

The inner germ layer, forms the stomach lining of the digestive tube as well as other digestive structures.

Front 34

Diploblastic

Back 34

Containing two germ layers.

Front 35

Triploblastic

Back 35

Containing three germ layers, the third one being the mesoderm.

Front 36

Mesoderm

Back 36

The third germ layer. These cells form internal structures such as bone and circulatory systems.

Front 37

Acoelomates

Back 37

Bilateral and triploblastic, but with a solid body. (Think flatworms)

Front 38

Coelomate

Back 38

An animal with a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm. This is one of the most important adaptations in early animals.

Front 39

Hydrostatic skeleton

Back 39

A skeleton made up of fluids that shape an animal.

Front 40

Pseudocoelomates

Back 40

Animals with a body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm.

Front 41

Gastrolation

Back 41

The process that forms and separates the three germ layers.

Front 42

Protostomes

Back 42

Animals that develop with spiral cleavage.

Front 43

Deuterostomes

Back 43

Animals that develop with radial cleavage.

Front 44

Spiral cleavage

Back 44

Cells are stacked atop one another in a spiral formation along the polar axis.

Front 45

Radial cleavage

Back 45

Cells are stacked upon one another at parallel or right angles to the polar axis.

Front 46

Determinate cleavage

Back 46

Cell functions are determined as soon as cells are formed. Loss of one cell during cleavage will result in major deformities.

Front 47

Indeterminate cleavage

Back 47

Cell function is not determined during cleavage. Loss of cells will not result in major deformities.

Front 48

Blastophore

Back 48

The area where, during gastrolation, cells form an opening.

Front 49

Protosome

Back 49

The blastophore forms the mouth first.

Front 50

Deuterostome

Back 50

The blastophore forms the anus first.

Front 51

Lophotrochozoa

Back 51

Possess a series of tentacles that surround the mouth and form a feeding organ.

Front 52

Ecdysozoa

Back 52

Nematodes and arthropods, animals that molt.