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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
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Buffer
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The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of waterby 1° C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.
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calorie (cal)
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A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
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Base
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The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
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Adhesion
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A temperature scale (C°) equal to 5/9 (°F 232) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.
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Celsius Scale
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The binding together of molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
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Cohesion
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A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
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Acid
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Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
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Acid precipitation
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A solution in which water is the solvent.
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aqueous solution
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One of the two distinct evolutionary lines of colemates, consisting of the echinoderms and chordates and characterized by radial, interminate cleavage, enterocelous formation of the coelom, and development of the anus from blastopore.
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deuterostomes
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The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.
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Evaporative cooling
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The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Energy in its most random form.
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Heat
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The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.
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Heat of vaporization
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The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
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Hydration Shell
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A single proton with a charge of +1. The dissociation of a water molecule leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion and a hydrogen ion.
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Hydrogen ionHaving an affinity for water
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Having an affinity for water.
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hydrophilic
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Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
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Hydrophobic
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A water molecule that lost a proton.
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Hydroxide ion
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A unit of energy: 1 J=50.239 cal; 1 cal=54.184 J.
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Joule (J)
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A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
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kilocalorie (kcal)
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The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
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kinetic energy
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A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution.
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Molarity
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The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of
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Mole
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The sum of the weights of all the atoms in a molecule.
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molecular weight
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A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
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Polar covalent bond
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A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides.
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Polar molecule
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a substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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Solute
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A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances
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solution
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The dissolving agent of a solution. water is the most versatile known.
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Solvent
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A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface twnsion because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.
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Surface tension
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A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
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Temperature
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