Honors Bio Chapter 1 Caleb Bailey

Front 1

Organic Compounds

Back 1

Compounds containing Carbon combining with other elements. (Frequently containing Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, or Phosphorus)

Hint 1

1. Excludes CO2, CO, and H2CO3

2. Constantly contains 1 element and was believed to only be associated with living organisms once.

Front 2

Macromolecules

Back 2

Carbon atoms forming in a long string together of complex molecules.

Hint 2

1. Carbon is the backbone of this molecule

2. (picture)

Front 3

Carbohydrates

Back 3

Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms.

Hint 3

1. All living cells have these

2.Hydrogen and oxygen have the same ratio of 2:1 as water does in this

Front 4

Monosaccharides

Back 4

Single sugar molecules that contain between 3-7 carbon atoms.

Hint 4

2. Simplest form of a carbohydrate

Front 5

Disacchrides

Back 5

A double sugar molecule

Hint 5

1. Occurs when two simple sugar molecules bond

Front 6

Polysacchrides

Back 6

A complex carbohydrate made from several glucose molecules bonding together

Hint 6

1. Starch and cellulose

2. Usually formed in plants

Front 7

Lipids

Back 7

Fats and oils, used for storing things for a long time and building parts of the cell

Hint 7

1. They store Carbon

Front 8

Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Back 8

The building blocks of lipids

Hint 8

1. Make up simple fats in our diet

2. These are the _______________ which help store energy a and structure cells.

Front 9

Saturated & Unsaturated Fats

Back 9

Unsaturated fats contain unsaturated fatty acids (fatty acids where double bonds join some carbon atoms) and saturated fats are the opposite.

Hint 9

1. Unsaturated tends to be oily at room temp and liquids

2. Saturated fats are solids in room temp

Front 10

Proteins

Back 10

Structural parts of cells as well as messengers of the cell.

Hint 10

1. The Hermes of cells

2. Like the steel beams and columns of a cell

Front 11

Amino Acids

Back 11

Small molecules that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.

Hint 11

1. Building blocks of protein
2. Molecules containing these 4 common non-metal elements ________.

Front 12

Peptide Bond

Back 12

Covalent bonds between two amino acids

Hint 12

1. Only happen when a chemical bond is formed between the acid group and a molecule the amino group of the other

Front 13

Polypeptide

Back 13

More peptide bonds causing a long list of bonded amino acids

Hint 13

1. Poly means multiple (so think multiple peptide bonds)

Front 14

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, & Quaternary Structures

Back 14

The primary structure are the amino acids in the polypeptide chain of a protein. The twists are the secondary structure. Complex folding creates the tertiary structure. The quaternary structure is formed only when there are two or more tertiary structures.

Hint 14

1. A long chain with folds and twists (Think of your headphones in your pocket)

Front 15

Enzymes

Back 15

Specialized proteins in all living cells that helps lower activation energy needed for a reaction

Hint 15

1. Act as catalysts

Front 16

Nucleic Acids

Back 16

Macromolecules that control the sequence of amino acids in protein

Hint 16

1. Put amino acids in their place

2. By ___________ it allows them to control the basic life process

Front 17

Nucleotides

Back 17

The simple units that make up nucleic acids

Hint 17

1. Nucleotides are to nucleic acids as bricks are to a wall

2. These simple units make up ______.

Front 18

DNA

Back 18

Nucleotides that have deoxyribose, deoxyribonucleic acids

Hint 18

1. Like RNA but with deoxyribose

2. A subgenre of nucleic acids

Front 19

Deoxyribose

Back 19

Is in nucleotides to form DNA

Hint 19

1. The thing that makes DNA... well DNA

2. Even smaller than the simple units that make up nucleic acids

Front 20

Double Helix

Back 20

Two long chains made of nucleotides which are connected by their deoxyribose sugars.

Hint 20

1. Typical shape is what you see as DNA in movies

Front 21

Nitrogen Bases

Back 21

A molecule containing nitrogen that has the properties of a base

Hint 21

1. Bitter, feel slippery, turns litmus paper blue

Front 22

RNA

Back 22

Nucleic acids containing ribose, ribonucleic acids

Hint 22

1. Ribose puts the R in _______

2. A subgenre of nucleic acides

Front 23

Ribose

Back 23

It is an organic compound. The formula is C5H10O5

Hint 23

1. Contained in nucleotides to make RNA

Front 24

Single Helix

Back 24

One part of a double helix

Hint 24

1. While DNA is a double helix RNA is a ________

Front 25

Gene

Back 25

Units of genetic information

Hint 25

1. What your mom and dad pass down to you

2. DNA forms this like how a chip help forms readable data