Bio Chapter 3

Front 1

phospholipid bilayer with attached or embedded proteins

Back 1

structure of plasma membrane

Front 2

molecules that can freely pass plasma membrane

Back 2

`oxygen, carbon dioxide, water

Front 3

hypotonic solution

Back 3

cell has less solute, so water goes in

Front 4

hypertonic solution

Back 4

water leaves cell and it shrivels

Front 5

nucleolus

Back 5

ribosomal formation

Front 6

ribosomes

Back 6

synthesize proteins

Front 7

RER

Back 7

ribosomes-protein synthesis

Front 8

SER

Back 8

lipid synthesis

Front 9

lysosome

Back 9

intercellular digestion

Front 10

mitochondria

Back 10

powerhouse/ cellular respiration

Front 11

atrophy

Back 11

decrease in cell size

Front 12

hypertrophy

Back 12

increase in cell size

Front 13

hyperplasia

Back 13

increase in cell number due to an increased rate of cell division

Front 14

dysplasia

Back 14

abnormal size, shape, organization

Front 15

neoplasia

Back 15

cancerous, malignant, tumors

Front 16

atoms

Back 16

composed of protons, neutrons and encircled be electrons

Front 17

molecules

Back 17

formed when atoms join together

Front 18

sponch

Back 18

sulfur, phophorus, oxygen, nigrogen, carbon, hydrogen

Front 19

isotope

Back 19

same atom, have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Front 20

ions

Back 20

particles with extra or missing election, has a charge and is weaker

Front 21

ionic bonds

Back 21

formed by the attraction b/t 2 oppositely charged ions, fall apart in water

Front 22

covalent

Back 22

two atoms share electrons, stable in water. water is covalent

Front 23

macromolecules

Back 23

polymers composed of many monomers

Front 24

carbohydrates

Back 24

monosaccharide

Front 25

lipids

Back 25

glycerol and fatty acids

Front 26

nucleic acids

Back 26

nucleotide

Front 27

dehydration reaction

Back 27

synthesizes a macromolecule by removing water to link subunits

Front 28

hydrolysis reaction

Back 28

degrades macromolecule by adding water to separate subunits

Front 29

lipids

Back 29

insulation against heat loss; provide long term energy storage; form protective padding around internal organs; lots of energy; don't dissolve in water (no polarity)

Front 30

cell division requires

Back 30

doubling of cellular organelles (G) doubling of nuclear material (s) synthesis of necessary proteins (g2) all during interphase

Front 31

nucleotides

Back 31

subunits of DNA

Front 32

cytokinesis

Back 32

division of cytoplasm and organelles after mitosis

Front 33

late interphase

Back 33

chromatins condensing into chromosomes

Front 34

prophase

Back 34

duplicated chromosomes are scattered, become visible

Front 35

metaphase

Back 35

duplicated chromosomes align at the equator

Front 36

anaphase

Back 36

sister chromatids separate and daughter chromosomes move to the poles of the spindle

Front 37

telophase

Back 37

chromosomes arrive at the poles

Front 38

crossing-over

Back 38

during prophase 1. exchange of genetic material between chromatids to increase variability of gametes

Front 39

cyclin

Back 39

must be present in the cell for mitosis to occur

Front 40

p53

Back 40

prepares damage

Front 41

polygenic inheritance/multifactorial

Back 41

one trait is governed by two or more sets of alleles

Front 42

codominance

Back 42

allels are equally expressed in a heterozygote (blood types)AB neither A nor B but third phenotype

Front 43

incomplete dominance

Back 43

heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype, curly hair, red and white flower makes pink

Front 44

multiple alleic traits

Back 44

gene exists in several allelic forms, example, ABO blood types

Front 45

sex influened traits

Back 45

ex. balding patterns, one allele in men, 2 in women