Bio Chapter 28

Front 1

Describe fungi

Back 1

Eukaryotic Heterotrophs, and most are multicellular

Front 2

5 examples of fungi

Back 2

Mold

Yeast

Mushrooms

Smuts

Rusts

Front 3

What are fungi's filaments called

Back 3

Hyphae

Front 4

Fungi's cell walls contain what

Back 4

Chitin

Front 5

Do fungi ingest food

Back 5

No

Front 6

How do fungi digest food

Back 6

They secrete enzymes that digest the food, then absorb the nutrients

Front 7

What do fungi do that's important to nature

Back 7

Decomposes/recycles

Front 8

What is the largest organism called and how big is it

Back 8

Armillaria, 861,000 sq ft

Front 9

A mat of hyphae is a

Back 9

Mycelium

Front 10

Septa divide cells of

Back 10

Septatic hyphae

Front 11

Ceonocytic hyphae are/aren't separated

Back 11

Are not

Front 12

Dimorphism is shown by some and change when

Back 12

Environment changes

Front 13

Example of dimorphism

Back 13

Hestoplasma capsulation

Front 14

Asexual fungi produce

Back 14

Thousands of identical haploid spores

Front 15

Most fungi reproduce sexually or asexually

Back 15

Asexually

Front 16

Spores vary by

Back 16

Species

Front 17

Produced in a sporangium sac

Back 17

Sporangiopores

Front 18

Conidia spores are produced by

Back 18

Conidiophore at top of stalk-like condiophore

Front 19

Example of conidia spores

Back 19

Penicillium

Front 20

Fragmentation of septate hyphae produces

Back 20

Spores

Front 21

Examples of fragmentation of septate hyphae

Back 21

Athlete's foot fungus

Front 22

Budding occurs in yeast cells by

Back 22

Cells pinching off new yeast cells

Front 23

Mating types are called

Back 23

Plus and minus

Front 24

Plus and minus hyphae join and produce

Back 24

Haploid structures that produce spores

Front 25

Describe the first unicellular fungi

Back 25

Strands of cells clinging together as filaments

Front 26

When did fungi colonize land

Back 26

At the same time as plants

Front 27

All phyla evolved by

Back 27

300 million years ago

Front 28

Plants belong to the kingdom

Back 28

Plantae

Front 29

Plants are unicellular or multicellular

Back 29

Multicellular

Front 30

Plants are heterotrouphs or autotrophs

Back 30

Autotrophs

Front 31

Eukaryotes contain what kind of cell structures

Back 31

Unique

Front 32

The cell wall is the outer most layer containing what

Back 32

Cellulose

Front 33

The vacuole is filled with what and used for what

Back 33

Fluid, storage

Front 34

Plastids contain what, and an example

Back 34

Pigments, chlorophyll

Front 35

Parenchyma

Back 35

Large, thin walled, vacuoles

Front 36

Functions of parenchyma

Back 36

Food making, storage, healing

Front 37

Callenchyma

Back 37

Thicker cell walls, irregular shape

Front 38

Function of callenchyma

Back 38

Support growing regions

Front 39

Sclerenchyma

Back 39

Thick, even, ridged cell walls

Usually dead at maturity

Front 40

Tissue systems are composed of

Back 40

Groups of cells

Front 41

Dermal tissue system

Back 41

Forms outer covering

Includes epidermis, cuticle, cork

Functions in protection and regulation

Front 42

Ground tissue system

Back 42

Found inside dermal tissue

Functions in storage, metabolism, support

Front 43

Vascular tissue system

Back 43

Surrounded by ground tissue

Functions in transportation and support

Front 44

Vascular tissue includes

Back 44

Xylem and phloem

Front 45

Xylem transports

Back 45

Water and minerals

Front 46

Phloem transports

Back 46

Sugars/foods

Front 47

Growth originates where with cell division

Back 47

Meristems

Front 48

Meristems found at root and shoot tips and produce growth in length

Back 48

Apical meristems

Front 49

Lateral meristems

Back 49

Located near outer surfaces, produce growth in diameter

Front 50

Located above the base of leaves on stems for fast regrowth

Back 50

Intercalary meristems

Front 51

Primary growth

Back 51

Growth in length at apical meristems

Front 52

Growth in width at lateral meristems

Back 52

Secondary growth

Front 53

Nonvascular plants

Back 53

Lack vascular tissue

Lack true roots, stems, leaves

Reproduce with spores

Found in moist areas

Front 54

Seedless plants reproduce with

Back 54

Spores

Front 55

Plants with seeds reproduce with

Back 55

Seeds in cones or flowers

Front 56

Produce uncovered seeds in cones

Back 56

Gymnospores

Front 57

Angiospores produce

Back 57

Covered seeds in flowers

Front 58

Examples of gymnospores

Back 58

Pines, spruce, cedar

Front 59

Examples of angiospores

Back 59

Fruit trees, roses, flowers

Front 60

2 types of flowering seed plants

Back 60

Monocots and dicots

Front 61

Monocots

Back 61

Flowering seed plants with one part seeds

Veins are paralell in leaves

Examples are grasses and annuals

Front 62

Dicots

Back 62

Flowering seed plants with 2 part seeds

Veins are netted or branched in leaves

Many grow for more than one year

Examples are maple or geraniums

Front 63

3 plant organs

Back 63

Roots, stems, and leaves

Front 64

Roots anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients, and

Back 64

Store food and water

Front 65

What root becomes the longest in a taproot system

Back 65

The first

Front 66

Examples of plants with a taproot system

Back 66

Radish

Carrot

Front 67

In a fibrous system, what kind of roots develop

Back 67

Numerous and uniform

Front 68

Example of a plant with a fibrous system

Back 68

Grasses

Front 69

What kinds of roots are specialized to benefit

Back 69

Adventitious roots

Front 70

Prop roots support what

Back 70

The plant system

Front 71

An example of a plant with prop roots

Back 71

Corn

Front 72

What do air roots absorb

Back 72

Water and minerals from air

Front 73

Example of a plant with air roots

Back 73

An orchid

Front 74

What does the root cap do

Back 74

Protects the root tip from damage

Front 75

Extensions of epidermis that increase surface area and ability to absorb

Back 75

Root hairs

Front 76

These support leaves, transport, and storage

Back 76

Stems

Front 77

What type of stems are above ground, horizontal, and produce new plants at nodes

Back 77

Runners

Front 78

What is another name for nodes

Back 78

Stolons

Front 79

An example of a plant with runners

Back 79

Strawberry

Front 80

Where are tubers located and why

Back 80

underground for storage

Front 81

Example of a plant with tubers

Back 81

White potato

Front 82

Fleshies store what

Back 82

Water and food

Front 83

Example of a fleshy plant

Back 83

Cactus

Front 84

Leaves do what

Back 84

capture sunlight and make food

Front 85

Leaves show what

Back 85

Great variability

Front 86

These leaves coil on contact and support stem

Back 86

Tendrils

Front 87

Examples of plants with tendrils

Back 87

Vines, peas, morning glory

Front 88

These stems are modified to capture prey

Back 88

Food traps

Front 89

3 examples of plants with food traps

Back 89

Venus fly trap, pitcher plant, sundew

Front 90

These reduce water loss and protect

Back 90

Spines

Front 91

Example of a spiny plant

Back 91

Cactus

Front 92

How do leaves regulate gas exchange

Back 92

Using guard cells to control opening of stomata

Front 93

4 types of whorls

Back 93

Sepalis

Petals

Stamens

Pistil

Front 94

Complete flowers contain

Back 94

Male and female

Front 95

Incomplete flowers contain

Back 95

Male or female

Front 96

The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

Back 96

Pollination

Front 97

This requires growth of pollen tube and union of sperm and egg

Back 97

Fertilization

Front 98

In fertilization the ovary becomes a

Back 98

Fruit