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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a chromosome made up of?
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50% Protein, 50% Nucleic Acid
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What did Griffith's experiment conclude?
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"Transforming Principle"
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What did Avery's experiment involve, and what did it conclude?
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He removed organic compounds from bacteria to see if the substance would still transform. When it was mixed with DNA, the experiment worked.
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Which scientists performed the "Avery" experiment on viruses?
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Hershey-Chase
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What is DNA made up of?
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Nucleotides strung together, making a polymer
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What are nucleotides made of?
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Phosphate, sugar, nitrogeneous base
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What are the two categories of nitrogeneous bases, and what falls under them?
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Purines [Adenine, Guanine]
Pyrimidines [Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil] |
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Who came up with the rule that A = T and G = C?
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Chargaff
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What is the first picture of DNA?
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Franklin's x-ray diffraction
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Who discovered the double helix?
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Watson and Crick
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What are the base pairs of a double helix joined together by?
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hydrogen bonds
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How many base pairs make up one full twist?
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10
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What is the backbone of the double helix?
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sugar-phosphate
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What bonds the sugar-phosphate backbone together?
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a covalent bond
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What does replication ultimately do?
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make DNA
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In what phase of meiosis does DNA copy itself?
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the S phase
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What is the sequence of replication?
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Strands separate, correct nucleotides pair up, new strands form
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What controls the replication process?
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Enzymes
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What are 3 letter "words" called?
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codons
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There are _______ codons, but only ________ meanings.
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64; 22
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What are the three types of RNA?
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messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
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Describe mRNA.
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It's the recipe of the gene to make the protein.
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Descripe tRNA.
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It carries amino acids to be polymerized
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Describe rRNA.
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It is part of the ribosome, grips mRNA and "reads it."
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What is DNA's function?
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to permanently store genetic info
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What is RNA's function?
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to temporarily store gene info, and enzyme activity
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What is transcription's ultimate purpose?
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to make RNA
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What occurs in transcription?
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RNA polymerase enters the nucleus, binds to DNA and splits it in two, then uses one of the sides as a template for RNA
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What is translation's ultimate goal?
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to make proteins
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What are the three types of gene mutations?
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silent, missense, nonsense
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KNOW GENE MUTATION CHART.
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OKAY.
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When is a gene mutation in the "location" category not so bad?
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When the mutation is not on a gene, not expressed in a cell, or just in one cell.
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When is a gene mutation in the "location" category very bad?
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What the mutation is in a fertilized egg, or in the Growth Regulatory Cell--leading to cancer.
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What are the 5 types of chromosomal breakage mutations?
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Inversion, Duplication, Deletion, Translocation, Nondisjunction
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What are causes of mutations?
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Radiation and chemicals
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What is a virus that infects bacteria?
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a bacteriophage
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