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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are lateral buds |
The buds on the side of the stem which grow and form branches |
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What are terminal buds |
The buds at the tip of the shoot that will continue the upward growth of the stem |
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What are nodes |
Regions where leaves and buds develop |
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What is an internode |
The region of a stem between two succesive nodes |
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What do the leaves do |
They make organic molecules by photosynthesis and passes them to the stem |
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What does the stem do |
The stem carries these organic molecules to all the parts of a plant and carries water and dissolved salts from the roots to the leaves and flowers. in addition the stem supports and spaces out the leaves. a tall upright stem holding flowers above the ground not only helps in pollination by insects or wind for also makes it easier for seeds to be dispersed |
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What does the root do |
The root anchors the plant firmly into the soil and absorbs water as well as mineral salts |
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What is the function of a leaf stalk |
The leaf stalk attaches the leaf to the stem. |
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What is a cuticle |
A waxy waterproof substance |
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What are the functions of an epidermis |
It maintains the shape of a leaf Reduces evaporation Prevents entry of bacteria |
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Compare the distribution of stomata on monocot and dicot leaves |
In dicotyledons, the stomata are only on the lower epidermis, while in monocotyledons the stomata are equally distributed on both sides of the leaf |
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What are two functions of stomata |
They are the sites of gas exchange They regulate water loss by closing when there is excessive water loss. |
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State three functions of mesophyll cells |
They synthesize carbohydrates by photosynthesis Allow gas circulation Give the leaf strength |
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What materials are transported in A-xylem B-phloem |
A- transport water and mineral salts B-transport sucrose |
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What are the functions of cortex cells |
-contain starch or store water -outer cortex cells contain chloroplasts that undergo photosynthesis |
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What is the structure of xylem vessels |
Elongated, hollow, have no cytoplasm, no nucleus or other organelles. Their cell walls are thickened with lignin. Perforatex by pits. |
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What is the structure of a phloem sieve tube element |
Cylindrical, has cytoplasm but no nucleus, end wall is perforated with with sieve plate. |
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What is the main function of a sieve tube element |
To carry out the transport of organic substances like sucrose |
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What are the external features of a leaf
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The stalk/petiole the midrib The network of veins Leaf blade/lamina |
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What are the functions of A-veins B-leaf blades C-midribs |
A- delivers water and mineral cells to the leaf cells amd carry away organic molecules. And a acts as a skeleton B-contains the photosynthesizing cells C- The strengthened vein down the middle of a leaf |
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How are CO2 and O2 transported into a leaf |
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air spaces falls and more carbon dioxide diffuses in from outside air through the stomata. The concentration of oxygen in the airspaces rises, and it diffuses out through the stomata |
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What is the function of a stem epidermis |
They help cells maintain shape They are covered in a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss |
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What is the function of the pith |
They provide support for the stem |
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What is an epidermis |
The single layer closely fitting cells that covers the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf |
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What is a stomatal pore |
An opening surrounded by two bean-shaped gaurd cells |
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What is the difference between the palisade cells and spongy cells |
Palisade cells are arranged like collumns at the top of the leaf. The spongy cells are less round, more loosely compact and have air spaces |
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What are the function of vascular bundles |
They support and transport. They help the stem to resist the bending forces from side to side caused by strong winds. |
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What are pits |
Perforations that allow movement of water sideways between cells |
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What is the function of xylem |
They support and transport |
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What is a sieve plate |
The end wall of a sieve tube where it is perforated |
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How are sieve tubes kept alive and supported |
By a companion cell that has a cytoplasm, nucleus and other organelles. |
