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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fossil
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the preserved remains of an ancient organism
Ex: bones, skeletons, scales, shells, imprints |
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evolution
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change in a kind of organism over time
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species
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a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
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adaptation
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characteristic that helps an organism survive
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population
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group of individuals of a species that live in the same area
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gene pool
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genetic information of all the members in a population
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Biogeography
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the geographic distribution of species
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homologous structures
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features that have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry
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vestigial organs
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structures of very little importance
Ex: appendix, tailbone |
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Embryology
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vertebral organisms have similar embryonic developmental stages
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Natural selection
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variation-> competition-> reproduction-> evolution
organism that is best adapted survives then reproduces such that offspring inherit their favorable traits (survival of the fittest) |
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Artificial selection
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humans select the desired traits and breed the organisms such that the new generation inherits the selected traits
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Lamarck's theory
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Theory of use and disuse of traits in 1809:
continually acquired features that would help them live thought those traits would move onto offspring the DNA is not changed therefore the offspring will not inherit said acquired traits |
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competition
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natural resources are limited these offspring struggle to survive
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Fitness
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the ability to survive and reproduce in its environment
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Genetic drift
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change in the gene pool due to chance
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Founder effect
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colonization of a new location by a small number of individuals
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Bottleneck Effect
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event that drastically reduces the population
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gene flow
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migration
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mutation
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change in DNA
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speciation
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the formation of a new species
Separation Accumulation of adaptations Division |
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reproductive isolation
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occurs when the members of 2 populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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geographic isolation
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when populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers or mountains
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temporal isolation
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when populations of similar species mate at different times
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behavioral isolation
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when populations that have differences in courtship rituals that prevent them from breeding
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neutral variation
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genetic variation that provides no apparent selective advantage for individuals
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Genetic equilibrium
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when all gene frequencies in a population stay constant
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5 Conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium
(Hardy + Weinberg) |
Population must be large
No gene flow into or out of the population No mutations Mating must be random No natural selection |
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Mechanisms for evolution
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Natural selection
Genetic Drift Gene Flow Mutations Non-random mating |
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About Darwin
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Born 1809
Trip to Galapagos Theory of natural selection |
