Bio- Chapter 1

Front 1

What is the goal of science?

Back 1

The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

Front 2

What are the two main categories of data?

Back 2

Quantitative data- expressed as numbers
Qualitative-descriptive

Front 3

How do scientists test hypotheses?

Back 3

A hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be kept controlled.

Front 4

Who discovered "animalcules"?

Back 4

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 5

What is the universal genetic code that all living things are based on?

Back 5

DNA

Front 6

What does "biosphere" mean?

Back 6

living planet

Front 7

How many different cell types does the human body have?

Back 7

85

Front 8

What measurement system do most scientists use?

Back 8

the Metric System

Front 9

How are light microscopes and electron microscopes similar? How are they different?

Back 9

Light microscopes produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays. Electron microscopes produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons.

Front 10

What is the most commonly used microscope?

Back 10

the light microscope

Front 11

What is the "hierarchy of life"?

Back 11

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level, population level, ecosystem level, biome level, global ecosystem level

Front 12

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Back 12

muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective

Front 13

Who was the scientist who did the "covered meat" experiment?

Back 13

Redi

Front 14

Who did the "boiled gravy" experiment?

Back 14

John Needham

Front 15

Who did the "sealed gravy" experiment?

Back 15

Spallazani

Front 16

Who disproved Spontaneous Generation?

Back 16

Louis Pasteur

Front 17

What are 8 characteristics of life?

Back 17

1. made up of cells
2. use materials and energy
3. expel waste.
4. grow, develop, reproduce
5. respond to their environment
6. maintain homeostasis
7. have a genetic code
8. evolve

Front 18

What are two types of electron microscopes?

Back 18

transmission and scanning

Front 19

Science-

Back 19

organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world; also, the body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process

Front 20

Observation

Back 20

use of one or more of the senses—sight, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste—to gather information

Front 21

data-

Back 21

evidence; information gathered from observations

Front 22

inference-

Back 22

logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience

Front 23

hypothesis-

Back 23

possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question

Front 24

spontaneous generation

Back 24

hypothesis (disproven) stating that life could arise from nonliving matter

Front 25

controlled experiment-

Back 25

a test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other
variables the same

Front 26

manipulated variable

Back 26

factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes; also known as independent variable

Front 27

responding variable

Back 27

factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe, which may change in response to the manipulated variable; also known as a dependent variable

Front 28

theory

Back 28

well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

Front 29

biology

Back 29

science that seeks to understand the living world

Front 30

metric system

Back 30

decimal system of measurement based on certain physical standards and scaled on multiples of 10

Front 31

microscopes-

Back 31

device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

Front 32

compound light microscopes-

Back 32

microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image

Front 33

electron microscopes-

Back 33

microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen

Front 34

cell culture-

Back 34

group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell

Front 35

cell fractionation-

Back 35

technique in which cells are broken into pieces and the different cell parts are separated

Front 36

cell-

Back 36

smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive

Front 37

homeostasis-

Back 37

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Front 38

sexual reproduction-

Back 38

process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism

Front 39

asexual reproduction-

Back 39

process by which a single parent reproduces by itself

Front 40

metabolism-

Back 40

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Front 41

stimulus-

Back 41

a signal to which an organism responds