Bio Chapt. 35

Front 1

Plant organ

Back 1

performs a specific function and is composed of several types of tissues.

Front 2

tissues

Back 2

groups of cells with common form and function

Front 3

Root System is used For?
Also what parts does it include?

Back 3

used: for obtaining water and minerals from the soil.
parts: taproot, lateral roots

Front 4

Shoot system used for?
Parts include:

Back 4

used/parts: stems and leaves for absobing light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Also includes vegative shoots and reproductive shoots, which in angiosperms are flowers

Front 5

fct of roots
name 2 root types-

Back 5

include anchorage, absorption, and storage of food
root types: taproot, lateral roots

Front 6

Lateral roots

Back 6

the taproot or main deep root gives rise to lateral roots.

Front 7

root hairs

Back 7

where most absorption of water and minerals occur and are extensions of epidermal cells that are clustered near root tips.

Front 8

stem consist of:

Back 8

alternating nodes and internodes

Front 9

nodes

Back 9

the points at which leaves are attached

Front 10

internodes

Back 10

the segments between nodes on a stem

Front 11

axillary bud

Back 11

is found in the angle(axil) betw. a leaf and the stem.

Front 12

Apical bud

Back 12

or terminal bud, with developing leaves and compacted internodes is found at the tip or apex of a shoot.

Front 13

apical dominace

Back 13

inhibiting the growth of axillary buds and producing a taller plant.

Front 14

leaves-fct
parts are-

Back 14

fct-main photosynthetic organs of most plants.
parts- blade, petiole (stalk)

Front 15

veins

Back 15

Many monocots lack petioles they usually have parallel major veins (vascular tissue of leaves), whereas, eudicot leaves have networks of branched veins.

Front 16

Tissue systems

Back 16

are functional units of tissues that are continous throughout the plant but have specific characteristics in each plant organ (root,stem, and leaf).

Front 17

dermal tissue system
consist of:

Back 17

forms a protective outer layer.
consist of : epidermis, cuticle, periderm

Front 18

epidermis

Back 18

is a single layer of cells that covers nonwoody plants.

Front 19

cuticle

Back 19

a waxy coating over most epidermis of leaves and most cells that prevents excess water loss.

Front 20

periderm

Back 20

makes a protective cover over older stems and roots of woody plants

Front 21

Trichomes

Back 21

believe a periderm covering are outgrowths of the shoot epidermis that may prevent against insects and disease or reduce water loss.

Front 22

vascular tissue system

Back 22

consist of the xylem and phloem and fuction in long distance transport.

Front 23

xylem

Back 23

cells form a complex vascular tissue that functions in the transport of mostly water but also minerals throughout the plant and provides support.

Front 24

Phloem

Back 24

tissue transports the products of photosynthesis thoughout the plant as part of the vascular tissue system.

Front 25

xylem parts

Back 25

Tracheids, vessel elements, and vessels

Front 26

phloem parts

Back 26

sieve-tube members, sieve plates, and companion cells.

Front 27

stele

Back 27

part of the vascular tissue system is in angiosperms stele or vascular tissue of a root or stem, is arranged as a solid central vascular cyclinder in a roots, but as vasucular bundles in stems and leaves.

Front 28

ground tissue system and contains:

Back 28

contains cells that function in photosynthesis, support and storage. pith, cortex, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Front 29

pith

Back 29

is the ground tissue internal to vascular tissue

Front 30

cortex

Back 30

part of the ground tissue system it is outside the vascular tissue.

Front 31

Parenchyma cells

Back 31

carry on most of a plants metabolic fcts,such as photosynthesis food storage, lateral transport and support, usually lack secondary walls and have large central vacoules and thinly walled. Most common cells in plants.

Front 32

Collenchyma cells

Back 32

lack secondary walls but have thickened primary walls. Strands and cyclinders of these cells fct in flexible support of young parts of the plant and elongate along with the plant. found near surface of stem, leaf petioles, and viens.

Front 33

Sclerenchyma cells

Back 33

have thick secondar walls strengthen with lignin. These specialized supporting cells often lose their cell contents at maturity. Provide strenght and support to mature plant.

Front 34

fibers

Back 34

type of sclerenchyma cells that are long and tapered cells that usually occur in threads.

Front 35

Sclereids

Back 35

are shorter and irregular in shape with very thick, lignified cell walls.

Front 36

tracheids

Back 36

found in all vascular plants, are long, thin, tapered cells with lignin strenghtened walls. Water passes though pits from cell to cell.

Front 37

vessel elements

Back 37

found only in angiosperms, are wider, shorter, and thinner walled with perforations in their cell walls. they align to form tubes known as vessels.

Front 38

sieve-tube elements

Back 38

or sieve-tube members which are a chain of cells that sugar flows through in the phloem of angiosperms. lack nuclei, ribosomes, vacuoles, but remain alive at functional maturaity. part of the phoelm

Front 39

sieve plates

Back 39

are the end walls of sieve-tube members that has pores for fluid to pass through. part of phloem

Front 40

companion cell

Back 40

adjacent to seive-tube members and connected by numerous plasmodesmata and may fct are regulating sive-tube member fct.

Front 41

indeterminate growth

Back 41

continuing to grow as long as they live.

Front 42

determinate growth

Back 42

which are in plant organs such as leaves,and flowers + animals and stop growing after reaching a cetain size.

Front 43

annuals

Back 43

plants may be annuals which complete their life cycle in a year or less.

Front 44

biennails

Back 44

plants who have a life cylcle spanning two years

Front 45

perennials

Back 45

plants that live many years

Front 46

meristems

Back 46

which remain embryonic (immature) and continly divide to form new cells.

Front 47

apical meristems

Back 47

located at the tips of roots, shoots, and in the axillary buds of shoots, produce primary growth resulting in elogation.

Front 48

primary growth

Back 48

produced from apical meristems and result in elongation. herbaceous (nonwoody)plants usually have only primary growth.

Front 49

secondary growth

Back 49

is an increase in diameter as new cells are produced by lateral meristems.

Front 50

vascular cambium

Back 50

produces secondary xylem and phloem

Front 51

cork cambium

Back 51

produces the periderm

Front 52

initals

Back 52

cells that remain to divide in meristems

Front 53

derviatives

Back 53

are cells that are displaces from meristem and become speicialized in developing tissues.

Front 54

primary plant body

Back 54

produced by primary growth, is the entire herbaceous plant and the youngest parts of a woody plant.

Front 55

root cap

Back 55

protects the apical meristem of the root tip which secretes a lubricating polysaccride slime.

Front 56

zone of cell division

Back 56

includes apical meristem and its derivatives.

Front 57

zone of elongation

Back 57

cells lengthen to many times their original size, which pushes the root tip through the soil.

Front 58

zone of differnentiation

Back 58

cells specialize in structure and fuction as the zone of elogation goes to differniation (maturity)

Front 59

endodermis

Back 59

is the intermost layer of the cortex and is one cell thick which regulates the passage of materials into the vascular clinder.

Front 60

pericycle

Back 60

lateral roots my develop from the pericycle the outmost layer of cells in the vascular cyclinder.