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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiration vs. cellular respiration
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Respiration = inhaling O2 and exhaling CO2
Cellular Respiration = the aerobic harvesting of energy from food |
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Aerobic respiration
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When O2 is the final electron acceptor in redox reactions
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Where is the energy our cells need and what form is it in?
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Stored as potential energy in the chemical bonds of food we eat
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What are bonds made up of?
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Paired electrons
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Cellular Respiration Equation
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C6H12O6 + O2 ➞ CO2 + H2O + ATP
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Is cellular respiration exergonic or endergonic and spontaneous or non-spontaneous
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Exergonic ➞ -686kcal/mol
Spontaneous |
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Cellular respiration drives...
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the synthesis of ATP
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Oxidation
Reduction |
Oxidation = loss of electrons
Reduction = gain of electrons |
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Oxidizing agent
Reducing agent |
Oxidizing agent = becomes reduced (as if doing the oxidizing)
Reducing agent = becomes oxidized (as if doing the reducing) |
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What is the source of the electrons stripped from glucose in a redox reaction?
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Hydrogen
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In cellular respiration:
Glucose becomes oxidized/reduced to what? O2 become oxidized/reduced to what? Why?? |
Glucose becomes oxidized CO2
O2 becomes reduced to H2O Oxygen is the most electronegative substance in the body, so it pulls the H/e- to it, away from glucose |
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What are the 3 processes involved in cellular respiration?
List them in order of occurrence and where in the cell they occur. |
1) Glycolysis = in the cytosol
2) Krebs cycle = in the matrix of mitochondria 3) ETC = on the cristae |
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The mitochondria produces
2 |
1) ATP ➞ Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cells
2) CO2 |
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What are the two processes that produce ATP?
Which produces more? |
1) Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP)
2) Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation produces 90% of ATP SLP produces very little ATP |
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Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP)
When does this occur? Mechanism? |
Occurs in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle
1) A substrate and ADP enter an enzyme 2) The enzyme transfers a P from the substrate to the ADP 3) ATP is produced |
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Oxidative phosphorylation
Where does this occur? Mechanism? This is just part 2 of the process! |
Occurs in the ETC in the cristae
1) H+ (hydrogen protons) move from the inter-membrane space through ATP synthase into the matrix 2) This is exergonic ➞ H+ is moving down concentration gradient 3) ATP synthase uses this free energy to create ATP ➞ endergonic |
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ATP synthase
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The enzyme that synthesizes ATP during oxidative phosphorylation
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What processes does the CO2 that we exhale come from?
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Oxidation of pyruvate and Krebs Cycle
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What is NAD+ ?
What is NADH? |
NAD+ = A coenzyme ➞ a vitamin
NADH = neutralized NAD+ from being reduced; gained 1 whole H atom (e- and p+) and 1 e- from a hydrogen |
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What is the role of NADH and FADH2?
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They carry high energy electrons to the ETC. They are carrying most of the energy
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How many molecules of ATP does NADH and FADH2 generate (theoretically)?
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NADH: 3 ATP
FADH2: 2 ATP |
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How many total ATP are made by the total # of NADH?
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30
6 in glycolysis 6 in the oxidation of pyruvate 18 in the Krebs Cycle |
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How many total ATP are made by the total # of FADH2?
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4 in the Krebs Cycle
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How many ATP are made by SLP and how many by oxidative phosphorylation?
For a total of? |
SLP: 4
OP: 34 Total of 38 |
