Bio - Chap 6

Front 1

cell wall

Back 1

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells,bacteria, fungi, and some protists. In plant cells, the wall is formed of cellulose fibersembedded in a polysaccharide-protein matrix.

Front 2

central vacuole

Back 2

A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development.

Front 3

chloroplast

Back 3

An organelle found only in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Front 4

chromosome

Back 4

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Eachchromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Front 5

contractile vacuole

Back 5

A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.

Front 6

crista

Back 6

An infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion thathouses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP

Front 7

cytoplasm

Back 7

The entire contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus, and bounded by the plasma membrane.

Front 8

cytoplasmic streaming

Back 8

A circular flow of cytosol, involving myosin and act in filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.

Front 9

cytoskeleton

Back 9

A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediatefilaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanicaland transport functions.

Front 10

cytosol

Back 10

The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Front 11

endomembrane system

Back 11

The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.

Front 12

eukaryotic cell

Back 12

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, present in protists, plants, fungi, and animals; also called eukaryote.

Front 13

food vacuole

Back 13

A membranous sac formed by phagocytosis.

Front 14

Golgi apparatus

Back 14

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 15

granum

Back 15

A stacked portion of the thylakoid membrane in thechloroplast. Grana function in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Front 16

intermediate filament

Back 16

A component of the cytoskeleton made of subunits of keratin that includes all filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments.

Front 17

lysosome

Back 17

A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasmof eukaryotic cells.

Front 18

microfilament

Back 18

A solid rod of actin protein in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction.

Front 19

microtubule

Back 19

A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cellsand in cilia, flagella, and the cytoskeleton.

Front 20

mitochondrial matrix

Back 20

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.

Front 21

mitochondrion

Back 21

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration.

Front 22

nuclear envelope

Back 22

The membrane in eukaryotes that encloses the nucleus,separating it from the cytoplasm.

Front 23

nucleoid

Back 23

A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.

Front 24

nucleolus

Back 24

A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes and rRNA.

Front 25

nucleus

Back 25

The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell.

Front 26

organelle

Back 26

One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Front 27

phagocytosis

Back 27

A type of endocytosis involving large, particulate substances,accomplished mainly by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.

Front 28

plasma membrane

Back 28

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as aselective barrier, thereby regulating the cell’s chemical composition.

Front 29

prokaryotic cell

Back 29

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus andmembrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Front 30

ribosome

Back 30

A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the siteof protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, whichmake up two subunits.

Front 31

rough ER

Back 31

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.

Front 32

smooth ER

Back 32

That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.

Front 33

thylakoid

Back 33

A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert lightenergy to chemical energy.

Front 34

stroma

Back 34

The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involvedin the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

Front 35

transport vesicle

Back 35

A tiny membranous sac in a cell’s cytoplasm carrying moleculesproduced by the cell.

Front 36

vacuole

Back 36

A membrane bound vesicle whose specialized function varies in differentkinds of cells

Front 37

vesicle

Back 37

A sac made of membrane inside of cells.