Bio Chap 12 Cell Division

Front 1

Cell division

Back 1

The reproducing/dividing of cells

Front 2

Cell cycle

Back 2

The life of a cell from the time it is first formed during division of a parent cell until it's own division into two daughter cells.

Front 3

Genome

Back 3

A cells generic information

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

A thread like structure located in the nucleus made of protein and a single molecule of DNA.

Front 5

Chromatin

Back 5

entire complex of DNA and proteins that's building the material of chromosomes

Front 6

Somatic cells

Back 6

all body cells except reproductive cells

-46 chromosomes

-2 pairs of 23

Front 7

Gamets

Back 7

Reproductive cells:

-Sperm and eggs

-1 set

-1/2 the chromosomes of somatic cells

Front 8

True

Back 8

Human gamer cell = 23 chromosomes sister chromatids

Front 9

Sister chromatids

Back 9

joined copies of the original chromosome

Front 10

Centromere

Back 10

A region of the chromosomal DNA where the chromatid is attached most closely to its sister chromatid

Front 11

Mitosis

Back 11

The division of the gentic material in the nucleus

Front 12

Cytokinesis

Back 12

the division of the cytoplasm

Front 13

true

Back 13

mitosis makes identical cells

Front 14

uncontrolled cell growth

Back 14

what is the main cause of cancer?

Front 15

apoptosis

Back 15

when the cell destroys itself after failing a cell cycle check point

Front 16

true

Back 16

cancer cells do not always destroy themselves after failing a cell cycle check point, they will pass the check points and spend most of their time it mitosis which can cause them to grow into tumors.

Front 17

tumor

Back 17

a mass of cancer cells

Front 18

chemotherapy

Back 18

targeted towards the cancer cells that go through the cell cycle check points and mitosis too quickly(fast growing cells)

Front 19

true

Back 19

hair loss is a side effect of chemotherapy because it targets fast growing cells and hair follicles are also fast growing cells!

Front 20

true

Back 20

cancer cells can secrete their own growth hormones which cause the blood vessels to supply the cancer cell with nutrients to grow and divide again into more cancer cells!

Front 21

interphase

Back 21

cells spend 90% of time in which of the two main phases of the cell cycle?

Front 22

Miotic M phase

Back 22

Shortest phase in the cell cycle which includes both mitosis and cytokinesis

Front 23

G1-First gap phase, S-Synthesis phase, G2-Second gap phase

Back 23

what are the 3 sub-phases of interphase?

Front 24

The cell cycle

Back 24

The cell grows(G1), continues to grow as it copies its chromosomes(S), and grows more as it completes preparations for cell division(G2), and divides(M).

Front 25

Prophase, Prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Back 25

the 5 stages of Mitosis

Front 26

mitosis

Back 26

cell divison for all cells except sex cells is called:

Front 27

sperm and egg

Back 27

Mitosis is NOT involved with the two cells ________ and ________.

Front 28

true

Back 28

Nucleus holds DNA, your genetic information

Front 29

true

Back 29

DNA is organized into chromosomes

Front 30

DNA and protein

Back 30

chromosomes are made of ____ and _______.

Front 31

46

Back 31

How many chromosomes do most cells have?

Front 32

nucleus

Back 32

These 46 chromosomes are located in the ________ of a cell.

Front 33

92

Back 33

In order to duplicate a cell, it must duplicate the 46 chromosomes in a nucleus. The total number(twice the original amount) of chromosomes would be:

Front 34

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Back 34

PMAT stands for:

Front 35

Prophase

Back 35

phase of mitosis where chromosomes are condensing and nucleus is still present

Front 36

Metaphase

Back 36

phase of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and the nucleus has disassembled.

Front 37

Middle

Back 37

The M in Metaphase is for:

The chromosomes line up in the ________.

Front 38

Anaphase

Back 38

The phase in mitosis where the chromosomes move away from the middle to the opposite sides with the help of spindle fibers.

Front 39

Away

Back 39

The A in Anaphase is for:

The chromosomes move ________ from each other.

Front 40

Telophase

Back 40

The phase in mitosis where the chromosomes are now at the the complete opposite ends and new nuclei are being formed. The last step in mitosis.

Front 41

Two

Back 41

The T in Telophase is for:

The cells are about to become ______ seperate cells.

Front 42

uncontrolled mitosis

Back 42

Another way of thinking of cancer is: _________ ________.