Bio Chap 11

Front 1

zeitgeibers

Back 1

external cue for setting biological rhythms. Most important=light/ without light "free running circadian rythyms lasting 24 hours"

Front 2

entrainment

Back 2

resetting of internal biological clocks to the 24- hour cycle of the earth's rotation

Front 3

Jet lag

Back 3

fatigue irritability and sleepiness resulting from travel across time zones

Front 4

Jet lag is worse when traveling East!

Back 4

dwafa

Front 5

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Back 5

body's internal master clock in the hypothalamus-responsible for maintaining circadian Rythms

Front 6

retinohypothalamic pathway

Back 6

pathway leading from the retina of the eye to the hypothalamus; provides light information necessary for the maintenences of circadian rythyms

Front 7

melanopsin

Back 7

photopigment used by non-image forming retinal cells.

Front 8

melatonin

Back 8

an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland that participates in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Levels very low during the day, begin to rise in hours before sleep

Front 9

Highest levels of per and tim

Back 9

Just before 11pm

Front 10

Lowest levels of per and tim

Back 10

730am, activate clock, which triggers production of per and tim

Front 11

Higher levels of per and tim inhibit clock,

Back 11

resulting in decreased production of per and tim

Front 12

Cortisol

Back 12

Hormone released by adrenal glands that promotes arousal

Front 13

Seasonal affective disorder

Back 13

reduction in daylight hours in winter months can interfeere with circadian rythms

Front 14

Rem cycles

Back 14

occur every 90-120 minuts during sleep. involve the sympathetic nervous system.

Front 15

EEG recordings

Back 15

alternate between beta wave and alpha wave patterns of brain activity

Front 16

beta activity

Back 16

-characterized by higihly desynchronized rapid (15-20 cycles per second). has to do with high levels of alertness during wakefulness

Front 17

alpha wave

Back 17

brain waveform have 9-12 cycles per second, associated with less alertness and more relaxation than beta activity during wakefulness

Front 18

sleep spindles

Back 18

short bursts of 12-14 cycle per second waves lasting aout a half a second generated by interactions between thalamus and cortex

Front 19

K- complex

Back 19

brief burst of brain activity that is seen only in stage 2, also seen in response to unexpected stimuli

Front 20

delta waves

Back 20

apparent in stages 3 and 4