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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gregor Mendel
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studied heredity
used pea plants to predict how traits are transferred |
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Monohybrid
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two parent plants differ from each other by a single trait
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Punnett Square
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Reginald Punnett
predicts the results of a cross |
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Phenotype
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physical expression of trait
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Genotype
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combination of genes in an organism
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Rule of Unit Factors
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each organism has two factors that control each of its traits- genes
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Rule of Dominance
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the dominant-or observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait
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Law of Segregation
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every individual has 2 alleles of each gene and when gametes are produced, each gamete receives one of these alleles.
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Dihybrid Crosses
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crosses using two traits
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Law of Independent Assortment
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genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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diploid
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a cell with two of each kind of chromosome
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haploid
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a cell containing one of each kind of chromosome
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homologous chromosomes
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the two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell
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Meiosis
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results in formation of gametes-reproductive cells. Maintains chromosome number of species
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Phases of Meiosis
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Interphase-chromosomes duplicate
Prophase I- chromosomes form tetrad(4 in a line) and nuclear membrane disappears Metaphase I- tetrads line up along equator Anaphase I- tetrads divide into 2s and move to poles Telophase I- cytoplasm divides to form 2 cells each with 2n number of chromosomes Prophase II- Chromosome number remains the same and spindel forms Metaphase II- line up on equator again Anaphase II-seperate and move to poles Teophase II- cytoplasm divides to form 4 haploid cells |
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crossing over
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chromatids in a tetrad pair tightly...so tightly that non-sister chromatids can break and exchange genetic material-Prophase I
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nondisjunction
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the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis
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polyploidy
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organisms with more than the usual number of chromosome sets-death?
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