Bio Chap 10

Front 1

turner syndrome

Back 1

chromosome xo, female phenotype, ovaries develop abnormally, mostly infertile, relatively short, increased skin folds on neck

Front 2

Kleinfelter syndrome

Back 2

xxy chromosome, male phenotype, reduced fertility, hormone treatment at puberty to induce development of ext genitalia,social awkwardness, left handedness

Front 3

xyy genotype

Back 3

taller, leaner, suffer from acne, more liely to produce sperm with sex chromosome abnormalities, overrepresented in prisons

Front 4

SRY

Back 4

sex determining region of the Y chromosome, signals dev of testes, lack of which signals hormone to develop ovaries

Front 5

Mullerian and wolfian systems

Back 5

both possesed in female and male fetuses, mullerian will develop uterus, vagina and fallopian tubes/wolffian will develop seminal vesicles, vas deferens and prostate,

Front 6

testosterone

Back 6

developed in testes along with anti-mullerian hormone-promotes wolffian system

Front 7

androgen

Back 7

steroid hormone that typically develops and maintains typically masculine characteristics

Front 8

AIS androgen insensitivity syndrome

Back 8

XY genotype, completely female phenotype, shallow vagina, no ovaries fal tubes or uterus. produces abnormal androgen receptors inhibiting the wolffian system- but anti-mullerian hormone still is in effect/ inhibiting growth of internal sex organs of female

Front 9

5-alpha -dihydrotestosterone

Back 9

lack of which, inhibits ability external male genitalia. resulting in female external genitalia in a male with male internal sex organs.

Front 10

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Back 10

recessive heritable condition which leads females to release excess amounts of androgens, results in ambiguous external genitalia -some say engage in more bisexual or lesbian behavior or identify themselves as "tomboys"

Front 11

Reasons for reduced average onset of puberty

Back 11

due to obesity giving body a sign for reproductive readiness with enough body fat..

Front 12

female hormone from animal tissue similar to estrogen

Back 12

estradiol

Front 13

gonaotropin-releasing hormone

Back 13

released by hypothalamus, initiates release of two gonadotropic hormones by the anterior pituitary gland- follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone

Front 14

follicle stimulating hormone

Back 14

stimulates development of eggs in ovaries and sperm in testes

Front 15

luteinizing hormone

Back 15

signals the male testes to produce testosterone and that regulates the menstrual cycle in females.

Front 16

5-alpha-reductase deficiency

Back 16

males inability to produce this enzyme which is responsible for converting testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone to create male external genitalia. These individuals usually raised as girls, develop normal male external genitalia at puberty due to increase in testosterone

Front 17

Onset of puberty

Back 17

Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone>anterior pituitary gland> releases gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone> signals testes to produce testosterone/ ovaries to control menstrual cycle

Front 18

menstrual cycle to pregnancy

Back 18

FSH hormone signals dev of follicles>ovulation>estradiol> thickening of uterus lining>corpus luteum>progesterone

Front 19

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Back 19

severe symptoms of the premenstrual cycle/ severe depression, changes in appetite, impaired cognitive performance, linked with a serotonin disfunction as well.

Front 20

Progesterone

Back 20

hormone produced in the corpus luteum that prevents the development of additional follicles and promotes the growth of the uterine lining

Front 21

Postpartum depression

Back 21

10-15% of women. occurs in hormanal shift from pregnant state back to normal monthly cycles

Front 22

combination pill

Back 22

containts two synthetic hormones: an estrogen and progestin-prevents maturation of follicles and ovulation

Front 23

Progestin-only pill

Back 23

prevents only the thinning of cervical mucus that typical accompanies ovulation. passage of sperm into uterus and fallopian tubes becomes less likely

Front 24

Depo-Provera

Back 24

6 matchstick-sized tubes are implanted in a woman's upper arm under local anesthesia. in 3 month intervals. warning against loss of bone density

Front 25

estrus

Back 25

period of hours or days in which female is receptive to males, hormones play important role in determining.

Front 26

Testosterone effects on women

Back 26

Less- reduces acne/reduces sex drive, more-do better on spatial tasks,

Front 27

Androgens and competition

Back 27

testosterone seen to increase in winners and decrease in losers

Front 28

Testosterone effects on men's sexual drive

Back 28

when it falls between normal limits, does not have a huge effect on sex drive. When reduced drastically below normal limits-greatly effects sex drive. Depo-provera used as chemical castration to use on sex offenders to reduce sex drive

Front 29

Male's advantage in cognitive behavior

Back 29

spatial tasks-map reading, maze learning, mental rotation of objects,

Front 30

Male contraceptives

Back 30

new development in oral pills containing progestin to physically block the movement of sperm

Front 31

Anabolic steroids

Back 31

synthetic versions of testosterone that build tissue- can lead to enlarged clitoris/penis, lower voice, unusual hair loss or growth, psychological disturbances, and enlarged breasts in males, disturbances in sodium levels can cause high BP and kidney disease

Front 32

Sexually dimorphic

Back 32

display structural differences between the sexes

Front 33

interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus

Back 33

twice as large in males as in females. may be a correlation in size and males sexual orientation

Front 34

Aromatization

Back 34

chemical reaction resulting in an aromatic compound, characterized by a six-carbon ring: for example the enzyme aromatase transforms testosterone into estradiol

Front 35

alpha fetoprotein

Back 35

protects female rats from their mothers circulatiing estradiol. Placenta in the hyena blocks this protein and in turn exposes female hyenas to masculinization of sex characteristics. Enlarged clitoris.

Front 36

Major histocompatibility complex

Back 36

a gene that encodes our immune system's ability to recognize intruders; might account for female human preferences for male odors

Front 37

Erectile dysfunction

Back 37

occurs when a man is unable to achieve an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity,