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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 3 principles of modern cell theory?
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1.every living organism is made up of one or more cells
2.smalles organisms are single cells, cells are units of multiceullar organisms 3.all cells arise from pre-existing cells |
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what 5 functions are common to all cells?
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obtain nutrients and energy from environemnt, synthesize proteins, eliminate waste, interact with other cells, reproduce
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what is DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid acid
blue pring in all cells that has instructions for producing all other parts of the cell |
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where is the DNA in prokaryotic and eurkaroytic cells?
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Eukaryotic: membrane enclosed nucleous
Prokaryotic: not enclosed within a membrane |
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what is the cytoplasm?
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contains all material inside the plasma membrane but outside the region of the cell that contains the DNA
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what happens in they cytoplasm?
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metobolic actions/activities (protein synthesis)
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what is the range of size for pro and euk cells?
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euk: more than 10 micometers
pro: less that 5 |
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what are most cells small?
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1.as size goes up, SA to vol ratio goes down, less membrane to go around
2.if large, takes longer to diffuse, wouldnt be able to live |
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pro vs. euk
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euk: nucleus (contains DNA), larger, linear chromosomes
pro: nucleoid (DNA w/o membrane), smaller, circular chromosomes, bacteria/archaea |
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what do pili do?
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proteins that project outward on bacteria
help certain infectious bacteria stick to host tissues and exchange DNA b/t cells |
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describe a prokaryotic chromosome
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single, circular, coiled
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where is the chromosome located?
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nuceloid
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what is the function of plasmids?
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carry genes that give the cell speical properties like ability to inactivate antibiotecs
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what do photosynthetic bacteria have that nonphotosynthetic do not?
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internal membranes where proteins catalyze the synthesis of molecules in specific order
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define organelle
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membrane closed structures
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what are the 3 parts of the nucleus and their functions?
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1.nuclear envelope-exchange of molecules (large by proteins, small through pores)
2.chromatin-uses DNA --> RNA goes to cytoplasm used for protein synthesis 3.nucleolus-site for ribosome assembly |
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where are ribosomes manufactured?
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manufactured and assembled in nucleolus
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where are proteins manufactured?
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by ribosomes in the ER
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what are proteins used for in the cell?
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1.catalyze and regulate chemical reactions
2.govern interactions b/t cell and its environment 3.structure (transfer info from DNA to RNA) |
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chemical rxns in cell, catalyzed by proteins, are responsible for what?
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growth and repair, nutrient and energy aquisition and use, and reproduction
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what structures makes up the internal membrane system?
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plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, and lysosomes
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how are they interconnected in function?
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exhange membrane material, transfter membraneous materai to diff compartments
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structure and function of vesicles
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membrane bound sacs, come from ER, responsible fro taking proteins to ER
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3 types and functions of vacuoles
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1.contractile-excrete water
2.central-maintain water balance, dump site for hazardous waste, stores sugars and AA,, provides support 3.food-fuse w/ lysosomes and digest food, lets them diffuse out |