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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
matter
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anything that takes up space and has mass
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element
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a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
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compound
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substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
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trace elements
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elements required by an organism in only minute quantities
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atom
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smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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neutrons, protons, and electrons
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three types of subatomic particles
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atomic nucleus
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neutrons and protons are packed together tightly to form a dense core known as ___
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neutral
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a neutron has a ___ charge
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positive
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protons have a ___ charge
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proton and neutron
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which two subatomic particles are almost identical in mass
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dalton, atomic mass unit, amu
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a unit of measurement to measure the mass of an atom
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atomic number
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the number of protons in an element is the ___ ___
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mass number
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sum of the protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the ___ ___
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atomic mass
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approximation of the total mass of an atom
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isotopes
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atoms with different numbers of neutrons
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radioactive isotope
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when the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy you have a ___ ___
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energy
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the capacity to cause change by doing work
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potential energy
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the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
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energy levels
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the different states of potential energy that electrons have in an atom
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electron shells
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symbolic representation of the average distance of an electron around a nucleus of an atom
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lowest
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the first shell closet to the nucleus has the ___ potentional energy
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highest
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electrons in the outermost shell have the ___ amount of energy
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valence electrons
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the outermost shell of electrons are called the ___ ___
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valence shell
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the outermost shell of electrons is called the ___ ___
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orbital
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the 3-dimentional space where an electron is found 90% of the time
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chemical bonds
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attractions that keep the atoms close together
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covalent bond
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the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms is a ___ ___
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molecule
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when two or more atoms are held together by a covalent bond it constitutes a ___
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single bond
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a single pair of shared electrons, such as in Hsub2
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structural formula
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the representation of the bonds between atoms (H-H,O=O)
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double bond
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when atoms share two covalent bonds it is a ___ ___
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valence
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the bonding capacity is called the ___, and it usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in the atom's outermost shell
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electronegativity
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the attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond
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nonpolar covalent bond
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a bond where the electronegativity of both atoms is the same (H2,O2)
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polar covalent bond
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a bond where one atom has more electronegativity than the other
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ion
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a charged atom (or molecule)
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cation
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a positively charged ion
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anion
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a negatively charged ion
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ionic bond
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the attraction between opposite charges (cation and anion)
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ionic compounds, aka salts
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compounds formed by ionic bonds are called ___ ___, or ____
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covalent
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Which consist of molecules, covalent bonds or ionic bonds?
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van der Waals interactions
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ever-changing hot spots of positive and negative charge that enable all atoms and molecules to stick to one another
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chemical reactions
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the making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter are ___ ___
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