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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aerobic Respiration |
Oxygen is used as reactant with organic fuel |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Respiration without oxygen. Ex: fermentation |
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Glycolysis |
10-step enzymatically catalyzed process Uses 2 ATP investment to start, gets a return of 4 ATP with net gain of 2 ATP. Glucose goes in and reacts with NAD+, 2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 Pyruvate molecules come out. Occurs in cytoplasm. |
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Dehydrogenase |
Enzyme used to take hydrogens off glucose and transfer 2 e- and 1 H to glucose. Used in glycolysis |
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Amylase |
Enzyme used to break starch. |
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Citric acid/Kreb's Cycle |
8 -step enzymatically catalyzed process The 2 Acetyl-CoA turn into citrate, and then citrate is decomposed. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP come out per one Acetyl-CoA
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Pyruvate Oxidation |
Pyruvate enters mitochondrial matrix and reacts with Coenzyme A and NAD+, making 2 NADH, 2 CO2, and 2 Acetyl CoA total. |
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Electron Transport Chain/oxidative phosphorylation |
NADH and FADH2 are transferred to E.T.C. When NADH goes through, it transfers e- to Complex 1, pumping 4 H+ ions against a gradient, then goes to complex 3 via Enzyme Q, 4 more H+ are pumped across gradient, and then Cytosol C transports e- to complex 4, where 2 H+ are pumped. The pumped H+ ions travel through ATP synthase and synthesize ATP using 4 H+ per 1 ATP. FADH2 goes through the same process, except starting at complex 2. |
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How does hydrogen diffusion generate energy? |
Chemiosmosis via the ion channel can create energy to couple the ATP synthesis. |
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Proton Motive Force |
H+ gradient |
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Electron Shuttles |
Protein electron carriers across mitochondrial membrane that transfer e- from NADH from glycolysis to waiting NAD+/FAD inside mitochondria. |
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Fermentation |
Used as an anaerobic alternative. Glucose in, 2 ATP out. Glucose goes in and ethanol/lactate come out. |
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Obligate Anaerobes |
Carry out fermentation as sole energy source. They typically cant survive in presence of oxygen. |
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Facultative Anaerobes |
Organisms that can make enough ATP to survive by fermentation or respiration. |
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Substrate-level phosphorylation |
When ATP is synthesized directly from phosphate on substrate. |
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Prosthetic Group |
Nonprotein components such as cofactors that are essention for the catalytic function of certain enzymes. |
