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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Echinodermata -> Asteroidea (Sea Stars) - Form |
- 5 or more arms which are continuous with the central region - Move via tube feet |
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Echinodermata -> Echinoidea (Sear Urchins and Sand Dollars - Form - Movement |
- Aristotle's lantern -> unique feeding structure which is made up of five calcium carbonate teeth attached to muscles (Urchins) - Using their spines, urchins crawl and sand dollars burrow (also use tube feet) |
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Chordata -> Cephalochordates (Lancelets) - Form - Form/Movement |
- torpedo-shaped animals with fish-like appearance
- notochord that stiffens body -> body wriggles when muscles contract -> move |
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Chordata -> Urochordates (Tunicates, Sea Squirts) -Form x2 |
- Coat of polysaccharides called tunic cover and support - U-shaped gut and two body openings |
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Gnathostomes |
- Jawed vertebrates |
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Echinoderm Characterization |
- Spines or spikes - All are bilatarians - Pentaradial (five sided radial symmetry) |
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Endoskeleton (observed in Echinoderms) |
- Hard structure located just under a thin layer of epidermal tissue |
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Water Vascular Systems (observed in Echinoderms) |
- Series of branching, fluid-filled tubes and chambers - Tube feet -> Ampulla (inside) and pedium (outside) |
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Four Morphological features of Chordates |
1) Pheryngeal gill slits - openings into the throat 2) Dorsal hollow nerve chord - runs the length of the body and is composed of neuron projections 3) Notochord - stiff and supportive bit flexible rod which runs the length of the body 4) Muscular Post anal tail |
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Chordate subphyla |
- Cephalochordates - Urochordates - Vertebrates |
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Vertebrate Synapomorphies |
- Vertebrae -> protects spinal chord - Cranium -> structure to protect the brain (skull) |
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Brain Devision of Early Vertebrates |
1) Forebrain - sense of smell 2) Midbrain - associated with vision 3) Hindbrain - balance and hearing |
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Amniotic Eggs |
- Laid outside of water - Have 4 membranes |
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Amphibian Eggs |
- Laid in water - Have 1 membrane |
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Amniotic Egg Structure |
1) Shell 2) Albumen 3) Chorion 4) Yolk Sac 5) Amnion 6) Allantois |
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Shell |
- Provides protection |
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Albumen |
- Provides water and mechanical support |
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Chorion |
- Membrane that allows gas exchange |
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Yolk Sac/Yolk |
- Contains nutrients |
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Amnion |
- Contains embryo |
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Allantois |
- Contains waste |
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Adaptations for better flight |
- Flat sternum - Light in weight (less bones, etc.) - Endotherms (produce heat in tissues) |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Myxinoidea (Hagfish) and Petromyzontoidea (Lampreys) - Form (both) - Hagfish specialty - Lamprey feeding |
- Jawless - Hagfish can form knots with their bodies - Lampreys can attack to fish by suction for feeding |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Chondrichthyes (Sharks, Rays, Skates) |
- Paired lateral fins |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Actinopterygii (Ray Finned fishes) - Form x2 |
- Bony rods in fins arranged in ray pattern - Swim bladder (gas added to bladder when fish swim down, removed when fish swims up) |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Actinistia (Coleocanths) Dipnoi (Lungfish) - Form |
- lobe-finned (bones in fins are branched and extend down the fin) |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Amphibia (Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, Caecilians) - Gas Exchange - Form |
- Gas exchange occurs across moist skin - Most have 4 limbs for movement |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Mammalia -> Monotremata (Platypuses, Echidnas) - Metabolism - Form |
- Lowest metabolic rate of all mammals - leather beak/bill |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Mammalia -> Marsupiala (Marsupials -> Kangaroos, Wallabies, Koala) - Children |
- Young nourished for short time by placenta |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Mammalia -> Eutheria (Placental Mammals) |
- Viviparous - Nourish young via placenta for a long period of time |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Vertebrata -> Reptilia -> Lepidosauria (Snakes, Lizards) - Growth |
- Can shed skin |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Reptilia -> Testudinia (Turtles) - Form x2 |
- Shell that fuses to vertebrae and ribs - have no teeth (got beak) |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Reptilia -> Crocodilia (Crocodiles, Alligators) - Form x2 - Care of young |
- Eyes and nostrils on top of head - Extensive parental care |
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Chordata -> Vertebrates -> Reptilia -> Aves (Birds) - Form - Metabolism - Movement |
- Have feathers - Endothermic - Fly!! |
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What makes a Primate a Primate? |
- hands and feet can grasp - flattened nails - large brains - color vision - complex social behavior - extensive parental control - eyes in front for better depth perseption |
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Hominids (Great Apes) |
- Large bodied - Long arms and legs - No tail |
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Gracile Australopithecines |
- "slender" -> slight build and short - from South Africa |
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Robust Australopithecines (Paranthropus robusts) |
- Stocky - Broader shoulders - Sagittal crest |
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Earl Homo |
- flatter, narrower faces - smaller jaws - larger braincase |
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Recent homo (Humans) |
- very flat faces |
