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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve?
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They consist of different numbers of cells.
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The type of neuron that when stimulated by the environment transmits an impulse to the central nervous system is a(n) _____
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sensory neuron
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What are part(s) of the PNS
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Sensory and motor neurons are parts of the peripheral nervous system.
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The part of a neuron that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body is called _____
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a dendrite
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An action potential is _____
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traveling wave of depolarization in the neuron membrane
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You come to class and are surprised to find out that there is an exam today. Because of your surprise, your heart rate increases, your breathing rate increases, and your digestive system shuts down. Amazingly, you remain calm enough to realize that these events are being stimulated by the _____.
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sympathetic division of the PNS
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Which of the following is specifically a part or a function of the central nervous system?
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interpretation of sensory signals
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The limbic system is involved in _____
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emotion and memory
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Our organs of taste, smell, and hearing are, respectively, _____
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chemoreceptor, chemoreceptor, and mechanoreceptor
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Instead of shouting, "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes!" at Bunker Hill, Col. William Prescott could have said, "Don't shoot until you see their _____!"
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scleras
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The fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye is the _____.
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aqueous humor
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In humans, the photoreceptors of the eye are found on the _____
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retina
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Glaucoma is caused by a _____.
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blockage of the ducts that drain the aqueous humor
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Astigmatism is caused by a _____
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misshapen cornea
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Correct focusing of the image on the retina in humans is achieved by _____.
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changing the shape of the lens of the eye
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When you focus your eyes on a nearby object, the lenses _____.
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become more rounded
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Nearsightedness is the result of _____.
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light focusing in front of the eyeball
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The greatest concentration of cone receptors is found at the _____
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fovea
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Which of the following correctly traces the path of light into your eyes?
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cornea, pupil, lens, retina
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The joint that allows us to shake our head "no" must be a _____ joint.
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pivot
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What attaches muscles to bones?
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tendons
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A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____.
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dendrites
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Nerve impulses move away from nerve cell bodies along _____.
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axons
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A neuron has a resting potential of about _____ millivolts.
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-70
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An action potential moves along a(n) _____.
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axon
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The transmission of a nerve impulse first triggers the _____
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opening of voltage-gated sodium channels and the diffusion of sodium ions into the neuron
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A stimulus has opened the voltage-gated sodium channels in an area of a neuron's plasma membrane. As a result, _____ rushes into the neuron and diffuses to adjacent areas; this in turn results in the _____ in the adjacent areas.
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sodium ... opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
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Which of these causes the release of neurotransmitter molecules?
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an action potential reaching the end of the axon
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The _____ is the region of the eye where photoreceptors are most highly concentrated.
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fovea
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A single muscle cell is referred to as a _____.
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muscle fiber
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During the course of muscle contraction, the potential energy stored in ATP is transferred to potential energy stored in _____.
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the myosin head
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Myosin heads bind to _____, which they then pull and cause to slide toward the center of the sarcomere.
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thin filaments
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Of these events, the first to occur when a motor neuron stops sending an impulse to a muscle is _____.
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the pumping of calcium ions out of the cytoplasm and back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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