Bio Ch 23

Front 1

Generates electric signals in atria and sets rate of heart contractions (pacemaker)

Back 1

SA (sinoatrial node)

Front 2

Relays these signals to the ventricles and causes ventricular contraction (slows down signal)

Back 2

AV (atrioventricular) node

Front 3

Records electrical changes in the heart

Back 3

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Front 4

automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) do what?

Back 4

-shock the heart.

-reset the SA node.

-save thousands of lives

Front 5

Dangers of abnormal rythms:

Back 5

may cause heart attack

Front 6

2 upper chambers of the heart

Back 6

atria

Front 7

damage or death of cardiac muscle, often results from a blocked coronary artery

Back 7

heart attack

Front 8

disorders of the heart and blood vessels

Back 8

cardiovascular diseases

Front 9

death of brain tissue from blocked ruptured arteries in the head

Back 9

stroke

Front 10

fatty deposits in the walls of arteries narrow the blood vessels and restrict blood flow

Back 10

atherosclerosis

Front 11

_________ have thin (one blood cell wide) walls consisting of a single layer of epithileal cells

Back 11

capillaries

Front 12

these increase surface area for gas and fluid exchange with the interstitial fluid

Back 12

capillaries

Front 13

gas and fluid exhanged occurs here

Back 13

capillaries

Front 14

lined by a single layer of epithelial cells (much like the heart)

Back 14

arteries and veins

Front 15

have elastic fibers in an outer connective tissues layer that allows these vessels to recoil after stretching

Back 15

arteries and veins

Front 16

which has more muscle, therefore more nerves and regulation? (arties / veins)

Back 16

arteries

Front 17

which has valves to pump blood back to the heart (arteries / veins)

Back 17

veins

Front 18

the force blood exerts on vessel walls

Back 18

blood pressure

Front 19

depends on cardiac output and resistance of vessels to expansion and decreases as blood moves away from the heart

Back 19

blood pressure

Front 20

did you study figure 23.6A?

Back 20

yes

Front 21

where is blood pressure highest?

Back 21

arteries

Front 22

where is blood pressure lowest?

Back 22

veins

Front 23

pressure caused by ventricular contraction

Back 23

systolic pressure

Front 24

low pressure between contractions

Back 24

diastolic pressure

Front 25

typical blood pressure for a healthy young adult

Back 25

120/70

Front 26

a serious cardiovascular problem in which blood pressure is persistently above 140 / 90

Back 26

hypertension

Front 27

hyper tension can contribute to what?

Back 27

heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure

Front 28

blood flow through capillaries is restricted by what?

Back 28

precapillary sphincters

Front 29

transport 02 bound to hemoglobin

Back 29

red blood cells

Front 30

another name for red blood cells

Back 30

erythrocytes

Front 31

another name for white blood cells

Back 31

leukocytes

Front 32

Monocytes and neutrophils which engulf and digest bacteria and debris from our own dead cells

Back 32

phagocytes, white blood cells

Front 33

regulates red blood cell production

Back 33

erythropoietin (EPO)

Front 34

anemia can be caused by low amounts of

Back 34

hemoglobin or red blood cells

Front 35

these rapidly adhere to the exposed connective tissue and a cluster of sticky platelets form a plug

Back 35

platelets

Front 36

clottings factors released from platelets in the same plasma help trigger conversion of plasma protein

___________ to _________.

Back 36

fibrinogen , fibrin

Front 37

a threadlike protein that helps form a clot that plugs the leak

Back 37

fibrin

Front 38

release clotting factors and calcium

Back 38

platelets

Front 39

secondary source of clotting factors

Back 39

liver

Front 40

cascade pathway -

Back 40

amplification

Front 41

cancer of white blood cells

Back 41

leukemia

Front 42

where do blood cells come frome?

Back 42

red bone marrow