Bio- Ch 2

Front 1

How does your body work

Back 1

Chemical rxn

Front 2

what is a chemical reaction

Back 2

molecules making and breaking bonds

Front 3

structure is determined by

Back 3

atoms

Front 4

atom

Back 4

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Front 5

electrons

Back 5

negative

Front 6

proton

Back 6

positive

Front 7

neutron

Back 7

neutral

Front 8

essential elements- 96%

Back 8

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitogen

Front 9

4%

Back 9

Phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, potassium

Front 10

trace elements

Back 10

required in little quantities- iron, iodine

Front 11

Goiter

Back 11

iodine deficiency

Front 12

structure of an atom depends on what

Back 12

subatomic particles

Front 13

atomic mass

Back 13

neutron plus proton

Front 14

wt of proton or neutron

Back 14

1 dalton

Front 15

location of atomic mass on element chart

Back 15

bottom number

Front 16

atomic number

Back 16

# of protons THIS NUMBER NEVER CHANGES!!

Front 17

charge of atom?

Back 17

neutral unless otherwise stated

Front 18

atomic number

Back 18

protons

Front 19

mass number

Back 19

neutrons plus protons
Ex: 2N+2P=4Daltons

Front 20

Isotopes

Back 20

same element with diff # of neutrons
(Atomic # same, atomic mass differs)

Front 21

Do protons change within an element?

Back 21

NO

Front 22

Radioactive Isotope

Back 22

Unstable, nucleus spontaneously decays, gives off particles and energy
ex: 14C=boron
CHANGES ELEMENTS BC GIVES OFF PROTON

Front 23

Radioactive tracers

Back 23

used to follow metabolic rxns
ex: kidney disorder

Front 24

what reacts when atoms collide?

Back 24

electrons

Front 25

kinetic energy

Back 25

energy of movement

Front 26

potential energy

Back 26

energy due to location

Front 27

What kind of energy does electrons have?

Back 27

potential

Front 28

Amount of energy in an eletron depends on what?

Back 28

location related to nucleus (layers)

Front 29

how many electrons are in each shell?

Back 29

Shell 1: 2E
Shell 2: 8E
Shell 3: 8E

Front 30

when is energy absorbed in electrons?

Back 30

as it moves further away from the nucleus

Front 31

When in energy released in electrons?

Back 31

as electrons move closer to the nucleus

Front 32

Chemical behavior is determined by?

Back 32

electron configuration

Front 33

Chemical re-activity depends on?

Back 33

valence shells

Front 34

Full valence electron?-Mood?
Unfull valence electron? Mood?

Back 34

Full-Stable
Unfull- Reactive

Front 35

What is the strongest bond?

Back 35

Covalent

Front 36

What is the weakest bond?

Back 36

Hydrogen

Front 37

What do covalent bonds do?

Back 37

Share electrons

Front 38

Molecule

Back 38

2+ atoms held together by a covalent bond

Front 39

bonding capacity

Back 39

# of covalent bonds the atom can form (valence)

Front 40

non polar covalent bond

Back 40

electrons shared equally
NO CHARGE

Front 41

Polar covalent bond

Back 41

electrons not shared equally
(charge)

Front 42

electronegativity

Back 42

attraction of an atom for the electrons in a covalent bond

Front 43

Is water polar?

Back 43

YES! Negative Charge due to unequal sharing

Front 44

Ionic bonds

Back 44

attraction between oppositely charged atoms
loose or gain electron

Front 45

Cation

Back 45

lose electron- positive charge

Front 46

Anion

Back 46

Gain electron- negative charge

Front 47

Hydrogen Bond

Back 47

H covalently bonds to one negative charged atom
ex: H2O

Front 48

Shape of a molecule directly relates to?

Back 48

function

Front 49

Shape of the electron is determined by?

Back 49

orbitals

Front 50

Methane Molecule

Back 50

CH4

Front 51

Electron orbitals determine?

Back 51

Shape

Front 52

Why is shape important?

Back 52

determines how molecules recognize & interact
ex: cellular communication- receptors

Front 53

Morphine and Heroin mimic what?

Back 53

endorphins in your brain