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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adaptive Radiation |
-a burst of genetic divergences from a lineage gives rise to many new species |
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Bottleneck |
-reduction in population size so severe that it reduces genetic diversity |
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exaptation |
-evolutionary adaption of an existing structure for a completely new purpose |
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gene pool |
-all the alleles of all the genes in a population -pool of genetic recources |
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lethal mutation |
-mutation that alters phenotype so drastically that it causes death |
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parapatric |
- populations speciate while in contact along a common border |
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sexual dimorphism |
-difference in appearance between males and females of a species |
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stasis |
-evolutionary pattern in which a lineage persists with little to no change over time |
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allele frequency |
-abundance of a particular allele among members of a population |
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coevolution |
-the joint evolution of two closely interacting species -each species is a selective agent for traits of the other |
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extinct |
-refers to a species that no longer has living members |
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genetic drift |
-change in allele frequency due to chance alone |
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macroevolution |
-large scale evolutionary patterns and trends |
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population |
- localized group of individuals belonging tothe same species with the potential to interbreed |
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sexual selection |
-mode of natural selection in which some individuals out reproduce others of a population because they are better at securing mates |
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sympatric |
- speciation occurs within a population with no physical barrier |
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allopatric speciation |
-Speciation by geographic isolation |
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directional selection |
-shiftsthe range of variation in traitsin one direction |
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founder effect |
-after a small group of individuals found a new population, allele frequencies in the new population differ from those in the original population |
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genetic equilibrium |
-the frequencies ofalleles and genotypes in a population remainconstant over the generations despite meiosisand sexual reproduction |
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microevolution |
- Changes in the allele frequenciesof a population |
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reproductive isolation |
-the end of gene flowbetween populations |
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speciation |
-process by which new species arise |
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balanced polymorphism |
- two or more alleles in highfrequency in a population -can result from environmental pressures that favor heterozygous individuals |
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disruptive selection |
-mode of natural selection in which traits at the extremes of a range of variation are favored over intermediate ones |
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gene flow |
-movement of alleles into and out of a population |
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inbreeding |
-mating among close relatives |
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neutral mutation |
-a mutation that has no effect on survival or reproduction |
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stabilizing selection |
-mode of natural selection in which the intermediate forms of a trait are favored over extreme forms |
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How do mutations cause microevolution? |
-change in alleles cause change within in a population |
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How are changes in allele frequency measured? |
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How is sexual dimorphism advantageous to organisms? |
-it leads to sexual selection which allows the traits most advantageous to survival to be past on |
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Why does the harmful HbS allele persist at high frequencies in areas where malaria is rampant? |
-When the Hbs allele shows up in heterozygous individuals it makes them resistant to malaria |
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Describe a few factors that reduce a populations diversity: |
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Explain the various mechanisms of reproduction isolation with suitable examples: |
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How does allopatric speciation occur? |
-Occurs when a physical barrier seperates a population and puts a great distance between them -Ex: River or desert |
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Explain sympatric and parapatric speciation: |
-Parapatric speciation occurs while a popultion is still connected along a common border -Sympatric speciation occurs without an sort of physical barrier |
