Bio Ch 10

Front 1

photosynthesis

Back 1

converting light energy to chemical energy stored in sugar and organic molecules.
REDOX

Front 2

chlorophyll

Back 2

green pigment located inside chloroplasts

Front 3

mesophyll

Back 3

where chloroplasts are found, the tissue in the interior of the leaf

Front 4

stomata

Back 4

microscopic pores that allow carbon dioxide in, and oxygen out.

Front 5

thylakoid

Back 5

pancake

Front 6

equation

Back 6

6 co2 +6 H20 + light energy--> c6h1206 + 6 o2

Front 7

chloroplasts

Back 7

split water as a source of hydrogen and oxygen is given off also
(oxygen given off by plants is derived from water, not co2.)

Front 8

02

Back 8

waste product, restores the oxygen consumed during cellular respiration

Front 9

electrons

Back 9

water is split, electrond are transferred along with hydrogen ions from the water to co2, reducing it to sugar. the electrons increase in potential energy as they move from water to sugar. this energy boost is from light.

Front 10

light reactions

Back 10

convert solar energy to chemical energy. light absorbed by chlorophyll drives a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to NADP+ (stores e-).
light reactions give off o2 as a byproduct.

Front 11

nadp+

Back 11

light reactions use solar power to reduce NADP+ to NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and an H+.

Front 12

phosphorylation

Back 12

generate ATP by powering the addition of a phosphate groupd to ADP.

Front 13

light reactions summary
(makes ATP and NADPH)

Back 13

convert solar power to chemical power in the form of NADPH (energized electrons) and ATP (energy currency of cells)

Front 14

carbon fixation

Back 14

incorporating co2 from the air into organic molecules in the chloroplast

Front 15

calvin cycle
(makes sugar)

Back 15

reduces the fixed co2 to carbohydrates with electrons from NADPH and energy from ATP. IN STROMA

Front 16

light

Back 16

electromagnetic energy (or radiation) that moves in waves and distubrs electrical and magnetic fields.

Front 17

wavelength

Back 17

distance between crests of electromagnetic waves

Front 18

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 18

entire range of radiation

Front 19

visible light

Back 19

various colors detected by the human eye. blue and red are absorbed by chlorophyll.

Front 20

photons

Back 20

discrete particles that make up light. the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each photon of that light.

Front 21

pigments

Back 21

absorb visible light. absorbed wavelengths dissapear. ability to absorb wavelengths is measured by a spectrophotometer.

Front 22

absorption spectrum

Back 22

graph plotting a pigments light absorption versus wavelength

Front 23

action spectrum

Back 23

profiles the relative performance off the different wavelengths.

Front 24

cholorphyll a
(blue green)

Back 24

only pigment that can participate directly in the light reactions

Front 25

chlorophyll b
(yellow green)

Back 25

accessory pigment(can absorb and transfer energy to another pigment) that is slightly structurally different that chlorophyll b and thus has a diff. absorption spectra.

Front 26

cartenoids
(yellow orange)

Back 26

accessory pigments (hydrocarbons) that broaden the spectrum of colors that drive photosynthesis. photoprotection- absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that might damage chlorophyll.

Front 27

absorption

Back 27

the energy of an absorbed photon is converted to the potential energy of an electron raised from the ground state to the excited state. when electrons drop back to normal state, heat, light or photons may be given off.

Front 28

photosystems

Back 28

chlorophyll organized along with proteins and other kinds of organic molecules in the thylakoid membrane

Front 29

reaction center

Back 29

where the first light-driven chemical reactin of photosynthesis occurs.

Front 30

antenna complex

Back 30

cluster of all of the pigment molecules. absorbs photons and transmit the energy between molecules until the correctly positioned chlorophyll a is reached.

Front 31

primary electron receptor

Back 31

shares reaction center with positioned chlor. a. redox: light excites electrons to higher level in chlor, electron acceptor traps the electron before it can get back to ground level.

Front 32

noncyclic electron flow #1

Back 32

primary eletron acceptor captures an excited electron. the oxidized chlorophyll is an electron hole that must be filled.

Front 33

noncyclic electron flow #2

Back 33

an enzyme extracts electrons from water for the 680 hole, forming to Hs and 1 O which immeadiately bonds with another 0 to make o2.

Front 34

noncyclic electron flow #3

Back 34

excited electrons pass from PSII to PSI by the e.t.c. electron carriers are Pq and Pc

Front 35

noncyclic electron flow #4

Back 35

electrons fall down the e.t.c. (exergonic) producing the energy necessary to make ATP (noncyclic photophosphorylation)

Front 36

noncyclic electron flow #5

Back 36

electron reaches bottom of e.t.c and fills the 700's hole that was created by light energy driving an electron form P700 to the pirmary acceptor of PSI.

Front 37

noncyclic electron flow #6

Back 37

PSI passes the excited electrons to a 2nd etc which transmits them to Fd. the enzyme NADP+ reductase transfer electrons from Fd to NADP+. This is the redox reaction that gives NADPH high energy e-.

Front 38

cyclic electron flow

Back 38

does not use photosystem II. no production of NADPH and no oxygen. generates ATP through cyclic photophosphorylation.

Front 39

deciding between cyclic and noncyclic

Back 39

more ATP is consumed that NADPH in the calvin cycle. if NADPH starts to build up, the chlorophyll switches to cyclic (no nadph)