Bio Bases :ch 6 Imaging The Brains Activity

Front 1

What are the brain Imaging Methods? (4)

Back 1

Electrical Recording- detects changes in the electrical activity go brain neurons
Brain Stimulation- includes changes in electrical activity of the brain
x-ray imaging- is sensitive to the density of different parts of the brain
dynamic imaging- records and manipulates ongoing changes in brain activity

Front 2

How does an electroencephalographic recording work? (EEG?)

Back 2

* technique for recording electrical activity of large regions of brain by recording voltage fluctuations or brain waves.

* electrodes are put on the scalp using a paste that conducts electricity

*fluctuations in that region of brain are displayed on computer screen

Front 3

Identifying behavior states with an EEG

Back 3

certain patterns of EEG waves are associated with particular behavioral states

*EEg with beta rhythm is associated with awake or excited state

* EEG waves can tell you about the cause of epilepsy and where in brain it originated

Front 4

How does Brain Stimulation (inter cranial brain stimulation)

Back 4

* skull is opened and electrode inserted

*has been used to treat movement disorders

*can have significant adverse effects

Front 5

How does brain stimulation (transcranial magnetic stimulation) work?

Back 5

* Non-invasive procedure that allows the brain to be stimulated through the skull

*small wire places on skull and high voltage current is passed through the coil

*used primarily to map functional areas of different brain regions

Front 6

How do angiography?

Back 6

*procedure similar to pneumoencephalography, but a substance that absorbs x-rays is injected into the bloodstream
*revelas circulatory (blood) abnormalities

*provides excellent image of the blood vessels in brain

Front 7

How does computerized tomography (x-ray) scan work?

Back 7

* you pass a narrow x-ray beam at different angels which creates different images (3d image of the brain)

* Dark colors indicate low density regions and light colors indicate high density regions

Front 8

How does a Positron emission tomography (dynamic brain imaging)

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* a donut shaped array of radiation detectors are positioned around a persons head
* small amount of water or gas with radioactive molecules is injected wither into bloodstream or inhaled

*variations in resulting image represents areas of higher/lower blood flow

Front 9

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI (Dynamic brain imaging)

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*create pictures of soft tissues in body in non-evasive way

*can be used to study both brain anatomy and neural function
* safe procedure that can be used repeatedly b/c does not use ionizing radiation

Front 10

What is an Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan -FMRI (dynamic Brain imagining?

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*MRI can match changes in magnetic properties to specific locations in brain
* changes in oxygen levels can increase/decreast the MRI signal produced, which allows us to infer changes in the brain

Front 11

What is magnetic resonance spectroscopy (dynamic brain imaging)

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allows you to image DNA, RNA, proteins, cell membranes, and mitochondria

*frequency of radio waves is varied to image those parts of the brain

Front 12

What is Diffusion Tensor Imaging (dynamic brain imaging)

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*DTi is an MRi method that detects the directional movements of water molecules

*provides images of the fiber pathways in the brain

Front 13

what are the types of X-ray imaging techniques?

Back 13

angiography

computerized tomography

Front 14

Types of dynamic brain imaging

Back 14

Pet scan, MRI, Fmri, MRS, Diffusion tensor imaging,

Front 15

what does a Pet scan look at?

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Blood flow

Front 16

What is an MRI?

Back 16

looks at tissue
safe