Bio Base Of Behavior: Reward And Addiction

Front 1

What are the centers of executive control?

Back 1

ACC, Amygdala, OFC, LPFC

Front 2

How do the centers of executive control interact?

Back 2

-not a straight, linear circuit
-starts with ACC, but then centers communicate with each other throughout process/modulate and suppress activity of other parts
-each specific region has its own role

Front 3

What is rewards?

Back 3

-a stimulus administered to an organism following a correct or desired response that increases the probability of reoccurance of the response

Front 4

Orbitofrontal cortex

Back 4

-dual role: store and monitor
-storage site, stores info about past reward
-monitoring station, monitors rewards and punishment, and stores that infor for future use

Front 5

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 5

-for deciding what is most important/what you need most
-most important: physiological (breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion)
-saftery, then love/belonging, then esteem, then self-actualizaiton (morality, creativity, etc)

Front 6

2 phases/types of reward

Back 6

1) Acute=short term. instant gratification
2) Long term

Front 7

Short term/acute reward pathway

Back 7

-when nucleus accumben is happy, sends projections to areas including the prefrontal cortex
-acute reward stimulates dopamine rush, but it gets extinguished pretty quickly

Front 8

Long term reward

Back 8

-perceived "rewardiness" goes down if lots of delay
-same activation of reward circuit, but now involving memory structures and association
-need to store away info that you did a behavior and will get a reward, and then memory once you get reward

Front 9

What is addiction?

Back 9

-a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in a specific activity, despite harmful consequences
-need for this particular reward supercedes all other needs/wants
-you know its not good for you, but you NEED the stimulus

Front 10

2 modes of action of drugs of abuse

Back 10

-acute phase: drugs increase dopamine release (get short term/acute reward)
-chronic phase: decrease dopamine functioning (brain adjusts to levels, so not able to get same amount of dopamine release, need more of the drug)

Front 11

most addictive drugs

Back 11

Drugs that directly interact w/ dopamine release:
-amphetamine
-cocaine
-opiates
-nicotine

Front 12

caffeine

Back 12

-indirectly increases dopamine release
-increases activity of many systems, but indirectly for dopamine release

Front 13

Gambling/thrill-inducing behaviors

Back 13

-more rewarding depending on person
-genetic makeup find novelty very rewarding, so may be more susceptible to drug addiction

Front 14

Factors affecting how addictive a drug can be

Back 14

-amount of dopamine released
-rewardiness (more rewarding if effect of drug is very immediate)
-dosage regimen/potential for "learning"

Front 15

Chronic phase of drug addiciton

Back 15

-dopamine system quiets itself down globally after persistent drug use
-baseline is now lower, life isn't as rewarding
-have blunted response to drug, but its better than nothing

Front 16

Dependence vs Addiction

Back 16

Dependence: wants drug and goes through withdrawal, but can survive. values high of the drug

Addiction: NEED substance above everything else, gets huge low