Bio B Tau - Glossary: Fungi (Less.13)

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza

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Association of a fungus with a plant root system in which the hyphae grow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane).

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asci

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A sacklike spore capsule loacated at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus.

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ascocarps

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The fruiting body of a sac fungus (ascomycete)

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Ascomycetes

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Member of the fungal phylum Ascomycota, commonly called sac fungus. The name comes from the saclike structure in which the spores develop.

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basidiocarps

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Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus

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basidiomycetes

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Member of the fungal phylum Basidomycota, commonly called club fungus. The name comes from the club-like shape of the basidium.

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basidium

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A reproductive appendage that produces sexual sores on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi)

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chitin

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A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.

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chytrids

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Member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that represent an early diverging fungal lineage

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coenocytic fungi

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A fungus that lacks septa and hence whose body is made up of a continuous cytoplasmic mass that may contain hundreds or thousands of nuclei.

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conidia

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A haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during sexual reproduction.

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deuteromycetes

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Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage.

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dikaryotic

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Referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent.

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Ectomycorrhiza

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Association of a fungus with a plant root system in which the fungus surrounds the roots but does not extend into the plant root cell.

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glomeromycetes

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Member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by distinct branching form of mycorrhizae called arbuscular mycorrhizae.

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heterokaryon

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A fungal mycellium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell.

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hyphae

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One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus.

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karyogamy

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In fungi, the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, preceded by plasmogamy.

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lichen

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The mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cynaobacterium.

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molds

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Informal term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium.

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mycelium

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The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.

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mycorrhizae

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A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus.

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mycosis

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General term for a fungal infection.

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nucleariids

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Member of a group of unicellular, amoeboid protists that are more closely related to fungi than they are to other protist.

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opisthokonts

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organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists (the common ancestor of animals and fungi in the pic).

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pheromones

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In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species.

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plasmogamy

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In fungi, the fusion of cytoplasm of cell from two individuals; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, followed later by karyogamy

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septa

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One of the cross -walls that divide fungal hypha into cells. Generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell.

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soredia

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In lichens, a small cluster of fungal hyphae with embedded algae.

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yeasts

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Single-celled fungus. Reproduce asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell.

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zoospores

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Flagellated spore found in chytrid fungi and some protists.

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zygomycetes

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Member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by the formation of a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction

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zygosporangium

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In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis to occur.

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mitospores

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due to the way they are generatedthrough the cellular process of mitosis

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Sporangia

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asexual structures that produce haploid spores

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basidium

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reproductive appendage that producessexual spores on the gills of mushrooms(club fungi).

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fungi summery

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endophytes

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Fungal endophytes benefit certain grasses andother nonwoody plants by making toxins that deter herbivoresor by increasing host plant tolerance of heat, drought,or heavy metals. mostly ascomycetes