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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mandibular foramen:
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Opening on the internal surface of the ramus for the mandibular vessels and nerves to pass. There are two distinct anatomies to its rim. In the common form the rim is "V" shaped, with a groove separating the anterior and posterior parts. In the horizontal-oval form there is no groove, and the rim is horizontally oriented and oval in shape, the anterior and posterior parts connected.
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A. africanus & A. afarensis: Differences
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A. afarensis has larger incisors.
A. afarensis has a C/P3 diastema in certain specimens. A. afarensis has a less rounded dental arch. A. afarensis has larger brow ridges. A. afarensis is more prognathic. |
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A. afarensis has larger ____ and _________ than A. africanus
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incisors and brow ridge
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A. afarensis has a_____ rounded dental arch than A. africanus
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less.
A. afarensis has a less rounded dental arch. |
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A. afarensis is ______ prognathic.
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more
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A. africanus & A. afarensis are both sometimes______
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arboreal.
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A. africanus & A. afarensis both share small_____ &____.
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bodied and brains
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A. africanus & A. afarensis are both_____________.
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Environmental generalist
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______ are in associantion with Oldowan tool use.
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Australopithecus garhi
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prog·na·thous (prgn-ths, prg-n-)
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Having jaws that project forward to a marked degree.
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Selection favors ________ over incisors and k9s
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Molars.
Why? Because premonals become larger to heavily grind down diff foods from environment. |
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Specialist v. Generalist?
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Generalism. hy because expansion of savanna grass lands at the expense of forest savanna favors Generalism over specialism. Australopithecines Lost food source
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_____ is the first uniquely human trait
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Bipedalism
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A_____ pelvis is evidence of bipedalism
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short
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Evolution of ______ is uniquely Hominid.
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Grinding Teeth
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The______ is the angle of the femur which transfers weight to knee joint, provides sense of balance for walking upright
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Bicondylar angle
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The _____ is a no opposable “big toe” to provide better balance for walking upright
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Non-opposable halux
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Females will mate with males who seem to provide food and protection is an example of the _________.
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“Sexual Selection Hypothesis”
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The best mates can provide food and offspring is an example of what hypothesis
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“Sexual Selection Hypothesis”
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What are the three hypthses for bipedalism?
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Sexual selection, Optimal foraging,“Energetics Hypothesis”
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_______ is the hypothsis that the capacity to find resources distributed throughout the African Savannah and defeat predators; result of pressure to find food and escape predation
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Optimal foraging
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Another name for Optimal foraging
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“Predator/Prey” model
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“Predator/Prey” model is another term for_______
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the sexual seleciion hypothsis for bipedalism.
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The_____most compelling hypth.; organisms who walk upright have greater stride length=covering more forage area; bipedal organisms are more energy efficient
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“Energetics Hypothesis”
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The_____ is the most compelling hypothsis fo bipedalism
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“Energetics Hypothesis”
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Molarization the _______of canine and incisors size
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reduction
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Generalists had a more wide and general diet
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generalists
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_______ is evidenced to be a more transitional ancestor
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Homo habilis
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____is evident for bipedality in Sahelanthropus tchadensis
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anterior foramen magnum
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Sahelanthropus tchadensis derived traits with modern humans are no_______ and_____tooth enamel.
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CP3 honing mechanisms, THICK tooth enamel
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Sahelanthropus tchadensis's huge browridge, sagittal crest, reduced prognathism are________________.
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Shared-derived traits with other apes
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Sahelanthropus tchadensis has a ____brain (400 cub. Cent) and relatively _____lincisors
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small
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_____species is first known bipedal hominin.
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Orrorin tugenensis
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Hominins date back to at least______.
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6mya
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Relationships to other hominins is______
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uncertain: not
enough evidence. |
