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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Laws of Segregation
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two alleles for a character are packaged into separate gametes
(Mendelian) |
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Law of Independent Assortment
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each pair of alleles segregates inot gametes independently
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Incomplete Dominance
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compromise in phenotype
i.e. red+white= pink flower! |
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Codominance
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when 2 alleles affect a phenotype like blood type AB
-both are completely expressed |
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Multiple Alleles
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when more than two alleles affect a phenotype
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Pleiotropy
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when one gene affects more than one phenotype
Ex: sickle cell anemia |
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Epistasis
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where a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus
ex: dog and mouse coats ie. Bbcc-no color |
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Polygenic Inheritance
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when multiple genes are responsible for a phenotype
ex:AaBbCc skin types |
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nondisjunction
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occurs when problems with meiotic spindle cause error in daughter cells
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aneuploidy
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abnormal chromosome numbers
i.e. extra chromosome or missing chromosome |
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trisomy
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3 copies of any chromosome
i.e. makes down syndrome |
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monosomy
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only one copy of a chromosome
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polyploid
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more than two complete sets of chromosomes
i.e. twins |
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point mutation
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change in one base pair
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base pair substitution
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one nucleotide is switched with the other
C G X A |
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silent mutations
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has no effect on proteins becuase a change in the base pair transforms the codon into the same amino acid or it was an intron
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missents
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base pair substitue that the new codon codes for an amino acid that make sense-but not the right one
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nonsense
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codes to stop codon
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frame shift mutations
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when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted causing the end not to be 3
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