Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Making identical copies of the DNA strands |
What is DNA replication? |
|
|
|
During S stage of interphase |
When is the DNA replicated during cell cycle |
|
|
|
DNA is the instructions for assembling the proteins which ultimately become traits |
Relationship between genes and DNA |
|
|
|
Dictates the order of amino acids being assembled in the ribosome |
Function of mRNA |
|
|
|
Brings amino acids to the mRNA assembly |
Function of tRNA? |
|
|
|
Thee nucleotides in a particular sequence that code for an amuno acid. On mRNA |
What is codon? |
|
|
|
Three nucleotides in a paticular sequence located on tRNA, opposite to the codon mRNA |
What is anticodon? |
|
|
|
mRNA |
What molecule contains codons? |
|
|
|
tRNA |
What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosomes? |
|
|
|
Any permanent change in bases on the DNA strand that changes the protein being made |
What is mutation? |
|
|
|
Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine A=T G=C |
What are the base pairs of DNA? What pairs with what? |
|
|
|
Uracil-U, A=U |
What base pair is different in RNA? What does it pair with? |
|
|
|
Transcription |
Three types of RNA are made from a DNA template for the process of gene expressiob, or translation: transcrption occurs in the nucleus |
|
|
|
Nucleotide |
One unit on the chain, composed of the base, sugar and phosphate |
|
|
|
DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid; constructed of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose (sugar) and a phosphate; components arrange themselves in two chains linked at their bases by hydrogen bonds. The chaind twist to form the "double helix" |
|
|
|
DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid; constructed of a nitrogenous base, deoxyribose (sugar) and a phosphate; components arrange themselves in two chains linked at their bases by hydrogen bonds. The chaind twist to form the "double helix" |
|
|
|
DNA polymerase |
Enzyme that uses one strand of parent DNA as a template to build a new molecule of DNA |
|
|
|
DNA helicase |
What severs the hydrogen bonds between bases, causing the strands to part and unwind from each other? |
Area of "unzipping" is called replication fork |
|
|
Exons |
Are segments that code for proteins; are spliced together to make mature mRNA. |
|
|
|
Introns |
Template DNA contains segments that are not used in gene expression: are cut out |
|
|
|
Translation |
One gene at a time, mRNA molecules move out to the cytoplasm where free amino acids accumulate. |
|
|
|
Three phases of translation |
Initiation, elongation, termination |
|
|
|
Initiation, elongation, termination |
Steps of translation |
|
|
|
Initiation |
Brings the components together; mRNA, initiator tRNA w/ amino acid, two ribosomal subunits. mRNA+ tRNA. |
|
|
|
Elongation |
Protein synthesis; polypeptide chain of amino acids grows one at a time until set length id reach |
|
|
|
Termination |
Stop "codon" on mRNA is reached by the ribosome |
|
