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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?
C6H12O6+6O2==>6H2O+energy |
C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced
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Which of the following statements describes NAD+
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NAD is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
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Where does glycolysis take place?
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cytosol
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The oxygen is consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
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accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
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Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent?
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glycolysis
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Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?
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they have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen
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Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis
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100%
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During glycolysis, when glucose is catabolized to pyruvate, most of the energy of glucose is
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retained in the pyruvate
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In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
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NADH and pyruvate
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In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidixed to pyruvate
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2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced
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A molecule that is phosphorylated
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has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work
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How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion
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active transport
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During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location?
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mitochondrial matrix
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Carbon dioxide is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
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oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
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Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following
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chemiosmotic phosphorylation
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During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?
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food-->NADH-->electron transport chain-->oxygen
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Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
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mitochondrial inner membrane
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During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level
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FADH2
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The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
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act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
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Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
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citric acid cycle-->NADH-->electron transport chain-->oxygen
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During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water come from?
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molecular oxygen (O2)
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In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+Pi to ATP?
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energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
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When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the
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creation of a proton gradient
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Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?
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inner membrane
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Each time a molecular of glucose (C6 H12 O6) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules (O2) are required
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6
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Assume a mitochondrion contains 58 NADH and 19 FADH2. If each of the 77 dinucleotides were used, approximately how many ATP molecules could be generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)?
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212
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Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose (C6 H12 O2) is transfered to storage in ATP as a result of the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water in cellular respiration?
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40%
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In lover cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5X the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17X that of the cell's plasma membrane. What purpose must the serve?
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it increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation
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Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
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glycolysis
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One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to
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oxidize NADH to NAD+
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Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
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It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most organisms
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In mitochondria, exergonic redow reactions
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provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient
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When electrons flow along the electron transport chain of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?
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The pH of the matrix increases
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