Bio 7 - 9

Front 1

What is the importance of the enzyme phosphofructokinase?

Back 1

Inhibits glycolysis if there's too much ATP or citraid.
Simulates glycolysis through AMP

Front 2

What process forms the proton gradient in mitochondria?

Back 2

ETC (Electron Transport Chain)

Front 3

What is the purpose of the proton gradient?

Back 3

Protons flow in ATP
Proton pump
Energy used to flow forms ATP

Front 4

How many ATP are formed from the Krebs cycle using substrate level phosphorylation?

Back 4

2 ATPs per glucose, 1 per cycle

Front 5

What kind of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer?

Back 5

Small unchanged molecules

Front 6

The cristae of the mitochondria is impermeable to protons except where?

Back 6

ATP synthesizing enzyme

Front 7

When fermentation occurs, why is the energy in NADH lost?

Back 7

Pumps electrons/hydrogens in pyrovate
Energy is lost
NADH to NAD+
Dumps H
Creates waste

Front 8

Name three products of glycolysis.

Back 8

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate

Front 9

What is the name of the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle? What is the name of the first molecule made in the Krebs cycle?

Back 9

Actyl coA, citric acid

Front 10

What part of aerobic respiration generates the most ATP?

Back 10

Electron Transport and Occidative Phospholation

Front 11

Which stages is Carbon dioxide produced?

Back 11

Krebbs and the bridge

Front 12

What would you find on either side of the middle lamella?

Back 12

Between Primary Cell Walls

Front 13

What is the fluid part of the fluid-mosaic model?

Back 13

Phospho lipid bilayer

Front 14

What is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?

Back 14

Integral and peripheral proteins

Front 15

What is the significance of the evidence from the freeze fracture technique?

Back 15

Integral proteins

Front 16

What is the purpose of the glycolipids and glycoproteins on the surface of the cell membrane?

Back 16

cell recognition

Front 17

How come glucose but not sucrose could diffuse across a membrane?

Back 17

Sucrose is dissacharide
Glucose is mono

Front 18

Which organelle synthesizes enzymes?

Back 18

Ribosomes
-make proteins

Front 19

If a dialysis bag is in an isotonic solution, what will happen to its mass?

Back 19

Nothing

Front 20

If a dialysis bag is in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to its mass?

Back 20

Lose mass

Front 21

What is the function of the proton pump in cotransport?

Back 21

Co-transport - sets up high radiant for protons to flow inward, pumps out H+

Front 22

What is the contribution of Gorter and Grendel to Biology?

Back 22

They discovered phospholipid bilayers
Two molecules thick!

Front 23

How does the cytoskeleton attach to the cell membrane?

Back 23

Attatches to an integral protein

Front 24

What is the relationship of LDL receptors and hypercholersterolemia?

Back 24

LDL binds to cell, making it lower, taking cholesterol out

Front 25

What is the net gain of energy using fermentation?

Back 25

Two ATPs

Front 26

Does glycolysis require oxygen to be present?

Back 26

No!

Front 27

Where are most of the enzymes located to do oxidative phosphorylation?

Back 27

Cristae

Front 28

What is the ultimate electron acceptor in the oxidative phosphorylation? What molecule does it turn in to?

Back 28

Oxygen, Water (H2O)

Front 29

What are the products of animal fermentation?

Back 29

lactic acid

Front 30

What is the importance of the enzyme dehydrogenase?

Back 30

Changes NAD+ to NADH

Front 31

Name 3 things that mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common.

Back 31

2 membranes
Have their own single circular chromosome
Have their own ribosomes

Front 32

How are the following related: grana, thylakoid CF1.

Back 32

These are in chloroplasts
Thylakoid = inner, can be in stacks
Granna = stacks
CF1 = similar to proton pump, multiple CF1s in each grannum

Front 33

What kind of cells has membranous organelles and allows for compartmentalization of functions and the placement of enzymes.

Back 33

Eukaryotic

Front 34

What is the equivalent of a gap junction in plant cells?

Back 34

Plasmodium
They both allow for things to go from one cell to another

Front 35

Which organelle besides the chloroplast secretes many polysaccharides?

Back 35

Golgi Apparatus
Both secrete sugar

Front 36

Which organelle helps to recycle the cell's organic material?

Back 36

Lysosomes

Front 37

Where does cell respiration take place?

Back 37

Mitochondria

Front 38

Which organelle is involved with storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs?

Back 38

Lysosomes

Front 39

Which organelle contains enzymes that convert fats to sugar?

Back 39

Lysosomes

Front 40

Which organelle contains cristae?

Back 40

Mitochondria

Front 41

Do microfilaments or microtubules participate in the formation of the cell cleavage furrow?

Back 41

Microfilaments

Front 42

The cytoskeleton is made mostly of ________?

Back 42

microfilaments

Front 43

Which organelle would make steroid hormones?

Back 43

Endoplasmic Reticulum
lipids

Front 44

Which organelle sorts out mixtures of substances and sends them to their proper destinations.

Back 44

Golgi Apparatus

Front 45

Which organelle assembles ribosomal precursors?

Back 45

Nucleolus

Front 46

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Back 46

Lysosomes

Front 47

What possesses a structure simular to a basal body?

Back 47

Centrial