Bio 7

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CellularRespiration-

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Theprocess in which organisms convert the energy in molecules of glucose intousable energy.

-producing ATP

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aerobicrespiration

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§atype of cellular respiration where the final electron acceptor is oxygen

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anaerobicrespiration

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§atype of cellular respiration where the final electron acceptor is inorganicmolecule other than oxygen

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fermentation

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§atype of cellular respiration where the final electron acceptor is an organicmolecule

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Intermembranecompartment

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isbetween the 2 membrans

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Matrix

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enclosedby highly folded inner membrane

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ATP

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synthasefound in inner membrane

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Mitochondria

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•Consistof outer and inner membrane

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Stages of aerobic respiration

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•Glycolysis

•Acetyl-CoA formation and Krebs cycle

•Electron transfer phosphorylation (ATPformation)

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glycolysis-glycolysis breakdown starts

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•The reactions of glycolysis convertone molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate for a net yield of two ATP

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glycolysis

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•Two ATP are used to split glucoseand form 2 PGAL, each with one phosphate group

•Enzymes convert 2 PGAL to 2 PGA,forming 2 NADH

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Acetyl-CoAformation

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•In the inner compartment of themitochondrion, enzymes split pyruvate, forming acetyl CoA and CO2(which diffuses out of the cell)

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•Krebscycle

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•A sequence of enzyme-mediated reactionsthat break down 1 acetyl CoA into 2 CO2

•Oxaloacetate is used and regenerated

•3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are formed

•1 ATP is formed

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•Electrontransfer phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

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•Occurs in mitochondria

•Results in attachment of phosphate to ADPto form ATP

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•Alcoholicfermentation

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•Pyruvate is split into acetaldehyde and CO2

•Acetaldehyde receives electrons andhydrogen from NADH, forming NAD+ and ethanol

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•Lactatefermentation

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•Pyruvate receives electrons and hydrogenfrom NADH, forming NAD+ and lactate

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Carbohydrates

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•Enzymes break starch and othercomplex carbohydrates down to monosaccharide subunits

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Fats

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•Enzymes cleave fats into glyceroland fatty acids

•Glycerol products enter glycolysis

•Fatty acids are converted to acetyl Co-Aand enter the Krebs cycle

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proteins

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•Enzymes split dietary proteins intoamino acid subunits, which are used to build proteins or other molecules