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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are organic molecules formed by? |
Living organisms |
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What are the four biological molecules? |
Proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, lipids |
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3 of the four biological molecules have monomers. Which one doesn't? |
Lipids |
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What is a reaction to build a polymer? (forming a bond by losing the water) |
Dehydration synthesis. also called "build up reaction" or "condensation reaction" |
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What is the "breakdown reaction" called? (Water being added to molecules, thus breaking the bond) |
Hydrolysis |
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What are the monomers of proteins? |
Amino Acids. (We have 20) |
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What are the functions of proteins? |
Structural (hair), Transport (motor proteins), membrane pores (the pores that let things in the cell), enzymes (speed up chemical reactions in cell), antibodies (immune system) |
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What are the monomers of Nucleic acids? |
Nucleotides (DNA, RNA) |
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What are the functions of nucleic acids? |
Information storage (DNA) and transport (RNA) |
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What are the monomers of carbohydrates? |
Glucose |
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What are the functions of carbohydrates? |
quick energy, structural (cell wall of plants) |
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What are the functions of lipids? |
Energy, long term storage, insulate and protection |
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What is the cell theory? |
If you're not a cell, you're not a living thing. |
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Why are cells small? |
Increased surface are to volume ratio thus making them more efficient. Better nucleus support. |
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What is prokaryotic? |
no nucleus in the cell |
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What is eukaryotic? |
Has nucleus in the cell |
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Why is cholesterol important to cells? |
Can be used as a temperature buffer |
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What do animal cells have that plant cells dont? |
Centrioles |
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What do plant cells have that animal cells dont? |
Cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts |
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Can a sea slug photosynthesis? |
Yes, has chloroplasts |
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What is the nuclear envelope? |
double membrane with pores |
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What is nucleoplasm? |
Semifluid medium inside the nucleus |
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What is chromatin? |
(loose) DNA and proteins |
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What is chromosome? |
(tight) DNA and proteins |
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What is all included in the Endomembrane system? |
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles |
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What is the job of hydrolytic enzyme? |
Breaks down proteins, carbs, and lipids outside of the cell for digestion |
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What does DNA and RNA mean? |
DNA-Storage RNA-Transportation |
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What are the two types of (ERs') |
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Whats the job of the R.E.R? |
To accept and transport proteins |
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What is the job of S.E.R? |
Detoxification |
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What is the job for ribosomes? |
Site of protein synthesis |
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What are liver cells full of? |
S.E.R. (Smooth endoplasmic reticulum) |
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Where does the transport vesicle go from cell? |
Golgi apparatus |
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What does the G.A do? |
accepts, modifies, activates, and transports proteins. (like UPS) |
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What is the job of lysosomes? |
Intra and extra cellular digestion. (Means "Breaking house") |
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Job of mitochondria? |
Cellular respiration. (Makes ATP) |
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Job of chloroplasts? |
Photosynthesis. Makes sugar for plants |
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Do Chloroplasts and Mitochondria have their own DNA? |
Yes, both double membrane as well. |
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What are the theories of Endosymbiosis? (The appearance of chloroplasts and mitochondria) |
Double membrane, DNA is circular, Ribosomes are smaller, Divide like bacteria |
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What does the eukaryotic cytoskeleton do? |
Supports, movement of/within the cell |
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What do centrioles do? |
Assemble cytoskeletal elements in animal cells and protists |
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What allows us to stretch our skin? |
Coligen |
