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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe oxidation.
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When electrons are lost by a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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Describe reduction.
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When electrons are gained by a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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What is a redox reaction?
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When electrons are lost by one substance and then added to another. Short form for oxygen reduction.
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What is chemiosmosis?
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The energy coupling mechanics that uses the energy of hydrogen ion gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP.
Powers most ATP synthesis in cells. |
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What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
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The formation of ATP by an enzyme directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an organic module.
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What is the citric acid cycle?
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The metabolic cycle fueled by acetyl CoA formed after glycolysis in cellular respiraton. Chemical reactions in the citric acid cycle complete the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide. The cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chains. The second major stage of cellular respiration.
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What is glycolysis?
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1st stage of cellular respiration in all organisms.
Occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid. The multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. |
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What is the electron transport chain?
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A series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP; located in the inner membrane of mitochrondria , the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and the plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
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What is oxidative phosphorylation?
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The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.
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