Bio 6 Chapter 46 Animal Development

Front 1

Different types of asexual reproduction
Binary Fission

Back 1

Asexual Reproduction through simple cell division.

Front 2

Different types of asexual reproduction
Fission

Back 2

Separation of a parent organism into two individuals of approximately equal size.
ex: sea anemones

Front 3

Different types of asexual reproduction
Fragmentation

Back 3

Breaking of the body into several pieces

Front 4

Different types of asexual reproduction
Regeneration

Back 4

regrowth of lost body parts
Ex: starfish

Front 5

Different types of asexual reproduction
Budding

Back 5

New individuals arise from out-growths of existing ones.
Ex: hydras

Front 6

Different types of asexual reproduction
Parthogenesis

Back 6

asexual reproduction in which an egg develops w/out being fertilized.

Front 7

Know what a hermaphrodite is
Hermaphroditism

Back 7

Each individual has both male and female reproductive systems.
1. Any two individuals can mate (donating and receiving sperm)
2. Any individual is capable of self-fertilization

Front 8

Difference between external and internal fertilization
External Fertilization

Back 8

The female releases eggs into the environment where the male then fertilizes them
1. Requires moist habitat
a. prevents desiccation
b. swimming sperm
2. Triggered by chemical signals
3. Triggered by environmental cues

Front 9

Difference between external and internal fertilization
Internal Fertilization

Back 9

Sperm are deposited in or near the female reproductive tract and fertilization occurs w/ in the tract.
1. Requires compatible repdroductive systems
2.Requires cooperative mating behavior

Front 10

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Vagina

Back 10

Repository for sperm, birth canal.

Front 11

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Cervix

Back 11

Neck of uterus- opens into vagina

Front 12

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Uterus

Back 12

Muscular organt that serves as site for pregnancy. (womb)

Front 13

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Endometrium

Back 13

thick, muscular wall containing a blood-rich layer of tissue that lines the uterus.

Front 14

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Endometriosis

Back 14

disorder in which some cells of the uterine lining migrate to an abnormal abdominal location

Front 15

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Ovary

Back 15

Female gonad; produces eggs.

Front 16

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Follicle

Back 16

Structure on ovary contains partially developed egg surrounded by support cells.

Front 17

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Oviducts

Back 17

Fallopian tubes, catches egg, delivers it to the uterus.

Front 18

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Mammary glands

Back 18

Present in both sexes, but only produce milk in females.

Front 19

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Testes

Back 19

male gonads; produce sperm.

Front 20

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Scrotum

Back 20

pouch of skin outside the abdomen that houses the testes (keeps sperm fertile)

Front 21

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Penis

Back 21

copulatory structure in males

Front 22

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Semen

Back 22

Fluid that is ejaculated from the male during orgasm (5%= 200-500 million sperm, 95% fluid secreted by glands)

Front 23

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Seminal Vesicles

Back 23

60% volume of semen; contains mucus, fructose, coagulating enzyme, ascorbic acid, prostaglanding

Front 24

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Prostate gland

Back 24

thin, milky, fluid that contains an anticoagulant enzymes and citrate.

Front 25

Know male and female reproductive anatomy
Prostate Cancer

Back 25

afflicts over 50% of men over 65
1. non-cancerous, benign enlargement of prostate on over 50% of men over 40.

Front 26

Spermatogenesis

Back 26

Formation and development of sperm cells.
a. continuos and prolific in adult males
b. new sperm are created everyday
c. process takes about 7 weeks-completed before sperm leaves testes

Front 27

Oogenesis

Back 27

formation and development of mature eggs.
a. begins at puberty, ends at menopause.
b. females are born with all their eggs.
c. pauses at birth, resumes at puberty, takes 28 days to mature (upon stimulation from sperm)

Front 28

Menstrual Cycle

Back 28

Uterus prepares for possible implantation of the embryo

Front 29

Ovarian Cycle

Back 29

controls maturation and release of egg from the ovaries.

Front 30

Embryo

Back 30

Developmental stage from first division zygote until body structures begin to appear. (9th week)

Front 31

Fetus

Back 31

developmental stage from the 9th week until birth

Front 32

First Trimester

Back 32

A. All major organs, body parts, limbs with fingers, toes are developing.
B. Heart begins beating during this stage.
C. Fetus is approx. 5 cm long.

Front 33

Second Trimester

Back 33

A. general refinement of human features
B. Fingernails, toenails and hair are present, eyes are open, and teeth are forming.
C. Fetus is approximately 30 cm long and weighs about 0.5 kg= pound.

Front 34

Third Trimester

Back 34

A. Circulatory/ respiratory systems undergo changes to start breathing air.
B. Fetus rotates, pointing downward.
C. At birth, babies on average are 50 cm long and weigh 3-4 kg

Front 35

Male Infertility

Back 35

1. Low Sperm Count
2. Defective sperm
3. Erectile Dysfunction

Front 36

Female Infertility

Back 36

1.Lack of eggs or failure to ovulate.
2. Blocked ooviducts
3. Hormonal imbalance

Front 37

Contraception

Back 37

Ways to prevent pregnancy

Front 38

STD'S

Back 38

contagious disease spread through sexual contact

Front 39

viral STD's

Back 39

1. symptoms, ability to infect others remain throughout a persons life.
2. can be controlled by medication, but generally not curable.
HIV, HSV,

Front 40

Protonephiridia (Platyhelminthes)

Back 40

1. Network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings
2. Water, solutes enter flame bulb where filtration occurs
3. Urine is moved through tubules; exiting through hephidiopores
4. Function: osmoregulation

Front 41

Metanephiridia

Back 41

1. Tubules with internal openings
2. Fluid is filtered through hephrostomes and collecting tubules before exiting nephridiospores as urine
3. Functions: osmoregulation, excretion

Front 42

Malphigian Tubules

Back 42

1. Open into digestive tract, dead-end tips immersed in hemolymph from which wastes and solutes are secreted.
2. Most solutes are returned to hemolymph while uric acid and feces are excreted.
3. Functions: osmoregulation, excretion

Front 43

Kidneys (vertebrates)

Back 43

1. Compact organs containing numerous, highly organized tubules.
2. Dense network of Capillaries closely associated w/ tubules.
3. Functions: osmoregulation, excretion

Front 44

Nephron

Back 44

Single, long tubule + ball of capillaries (1,000,000 kidney functional unit

Front 45

Glomerulus

Back 45

ball of capillaries

Front 46

Browmans Capsule

Back 46

cup shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus

Front 47

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Back 47

a. secretion( H ions, ammonia, drugs, toxins) and reabsorption ( bicarbonate, nutrients, salt, water)

Front 48

Descending loop of Henle

Back 48

A. Reabsorption of water continues here, permeable to salt, but not water, doesnt lose salt but picks up water.

Front 49

Ascending loop of Henle

Back 49

Reabsorption of water continues here, permeable to salt, but not water.

Front 50

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Back 50

1. Regulates k i oins secreted into filtrate
2. Regulates salt reabsorbe from filtrate
3. Regulates pH by secretion of H ions and reabsorption of bicarbonate

Front 51

Collecting Duct

Back 51

Reabsorbs salt
Increasingly reabsorbs water.