Bio 6

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Gamete

Back 1

A haploid reproductive cell that can fuse with another haploid cell to form a zygote.

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Spermatozoa

Back 2

the haploid cell that is the male gamete

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Ovum

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Haploid cell that is the female gamete

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Zygote

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The diploid cell formed by the union of two haploid gametes

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Asexual Reproduction

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Any form of reproduction that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

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Sexual Reproduction

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Reproduction in which genes from two parents are combined via fusion of gametes, producing offspring genetically distinct from either parent

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Fission

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The splitting of an organism into two daughter organisms

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Budding

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The formation of a new organism from the protrusion of another organism

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Fragmentation

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A form of asexual reproduction where an organism is split into fragments

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Spermatogenesis

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The production of genesis

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Oogenesis

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The production of egg cells (ova)

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Parthenogenesis

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Development of offspring from unfertilized eggs. a form of asexual reproduction

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Hermaphrodite

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Produces both eggs and sperm

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Protogynous

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Female function precedes male function

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Protandrous

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Male function precedes female function

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Oviparity

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Animals that lay eggs rather than give live birth

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Viviparity

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Reproducing by live birth rather than eggs

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Gonad

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An organ that produces reproductive cells (ovary, testes)

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Spermatophore

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A gelatinous package of sperm cells that is produced by males of species that have internal fertilization without copulation

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Copulation

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Act of transferring sperm from a male directly into a female's reproductive tract

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Spermatheca

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an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates

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Cloaca

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the posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal and urinary tracts of certain animal species. It is also known as the anal beak.

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Oviduct

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A narrow tube that connects the uterus to the ovary, and through which the egg travels after ovulation. fertilization and cleavage occur in the oviduct. Called fallopian tube in humans

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Uterus

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The organ in which developing embryos are housed in those vertebrates that give live birth

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Cervix

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The narrow passageway between the vagina and uterus of females

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Seminal vesicle

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Paired reproductive glands that in mammals secrete an alkaline fluid into semen to counteract the acidic environment of the vag.

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Prostate Gland

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store and secrete a slightly alkaline (pH 7.29) fluid, milky or white of egg in appearance,[2] that usually constitutes 25-30% of the volume of the semen along with spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid.

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Bulbourethral Gland

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Small, paired glands at the base of the urethra in male mammals that secrete pre-ejaculatory fluid for lubrication during copulation. Also called cowper's glands

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Vas deferens

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A pair of muscular tubes that store and transport semen from the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct. in non-humans called ductus deferens

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Epididymus

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A coiled tube wrapped around the testes in reptiles birds and mammals. Site of final stages of sperm maturation and storage

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Seminiferous Tubule

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located in the testicles, and are the specific location of meiosis, and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa.

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Sertoli Cell

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a 'nurse' cell of the testes which is part of a seminiferous tubule.

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Acrosome

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A packet of enzymes found on the head of a sperm cell that help dissolve the zona pellucida or jelly layer

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Follicle

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An egg cell and its surrounding ring of supportive cells in a mammalian ovary

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Oocyte

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A cell in the ovary that can undergo meiosis to produce an ovum

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Corpus luteum

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A yellowish structure in an ovary formed from a follicle that has recently ovulated. secretes a progesterone

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Progesterone

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A steroid hormone produced along with estrogens in the ovaries. Secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation. causes the uterine lining to thicken

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Follicular Phase

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The first major phase of a menstrual cycle, when follicles are growing and estrogen levels are increasing. Ends with ovulation

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Luteal Phase

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The second major phase of a menstrual cycle, after ovulation, when the progesterone levels are high and the body is preparing for a possible pregnancy

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Estradiol

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The major estrogen produced by the ovaries of female mammals. Stimulates development of the female reproductive tract, growth of ovarian follicles, and growth of breast tissue

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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A peptide hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates estrogen production, ovulation, and formation of the corpus luteum in females and testosterone production in males

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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A peptide hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of eggs and follicles in females or sperm production in males

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Cleavage

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Rapid cell division without production of new cytoplasm. Seen only in early embryonic development in new animals. Cleavage transforms a zygote into a blastula

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Blastocyst

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the structure formed in early embryogenesis, after the formation of the blastocoel, but before implantation.

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Endometrium

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the inner membrane of the mammalian uterus.