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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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community+abiotic factors in an area
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ecosystem
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matter cannot be created or destroyed
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law of conservation of mass
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energy cant be created or destroyed
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1st law of thermodynamics
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every exchange of energy increases entropy (disorder)
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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makes molecules using photo or chemosynthesis as energy source
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autotroph
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gets energy from eating others
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heterotroph
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primary produce
primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer quaternary consumer decomposer |
levels of the trophic system
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Gross primary production. total energy production
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GPP
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Net primary production. GPP-energy used for respiration
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NPP
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usually 5-20% is transferred. 10% is used (body heat)
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what is the trophic efficiency through the trophic levels?
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element needed for production to rise- Nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) and sun
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what is the limiting factor for aquatic primary production?
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nutrients
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what is the limiting factor of terrestrial primary production?
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a. essential to all life
b. liquid water c. all water in hydrosphere and atmosphere d. Evaporation, transpiration, precipitation e. overuse, runoff, Dams, wetland removal |
Hydrologic cycle
a. importance b. form available c. reservoir d. processes e. human impact |
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a. basis of organic molecules
b. CO2 gas c. sediment, AIR, water, fuel d. photosynthesis, respiration, pock formation, volcanic eruption e. fossil fuel burning, deforestation |
Carbon Cycle
a. importance b. form available c. reservoir d. processes e. human impact |
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a. nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP
b. Phosphate ions in water c. phosphate salt in land rocks d. weathering releases, producers turn into organic material (assimilation) NEVER AIRBORNE e. fertilization, deforestation |
Phosphorus Cycle
a. importance b. form available c. reservoir d. processes e. human impact |
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a.proteins
b. Sulfate c. rock, soil, atmosphere, fuel d. enter atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide, precipitation into soil, producers uptake, assimilation, decomposition e. add sulfur dioxide to atmosphere by burning coal and smelting |
Sulfur cycle
a. importance b. form available c. reservoir d. processes e. human impact |
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a. amino acid/nucleic acid
b. all water soluble c. atmosphere and soil d. draw diagram e. over nitrification (Haber Bosch process) fossil fuel burning, feeding on waste and fertilizer |
Nitrogen Cycle
a. importance b. form available c. reservoir d. processes e. human impact |
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1. slow temp change
2. adhesion and cohesion 3. ice less dense than water 4. universal solvent 5. filters out UV 6. liquid over large temp range |
what are the causes of the hydrogen cycle?
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1. purification
2. removes solutes 3. remove nutrients 4. moves soil and rocks 5. transports nutrients 6. land sculptor |
what are the benefits of the hydrologic process?
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plants turn NH4 and NO3 to organic compounds
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assimilation
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when nitrogen and phosphate get into water through fertilization which leads to changes in the ecosytsem
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eutrophication
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study of how deforestation effects the loss of water and soil nutrients in Hubbard Brook forest.
-measures the nutrients levels at the mouth of the dams |
Hubbard -Brook experiment
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clear cut led to...
-water runoff up to 30%-40% -Ca2 up 4x -K1 up 15x -NO3 up 60x |
results of Hubbard-brook experiment
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causes- fossil fuel burning releases nitrogen and sulfur into atmosphere forming acid
effects- lowers pH and leaches calcium and nutrients out of water supply |
causes and effects of acid deposition
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insecticide; interrupts calcium cycle in waterways
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DDT
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industrial fluids; coolant; liver damage; skin lesions
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PCBs
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makes fish more feminine (endocrine disruptor), plastics, cancer
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BPA
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pesticide, industrial, and municipal chemicals
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which types of waste gets into water?
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toxin taken up by an organism (plankton)
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Bioaccumulation
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Toxin is concentrated and moves up food chain (top predators)
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Biomagnification
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CFCs- release chlorine, reacts with oxygen, and breaks down
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causes of depletion of ozone layer
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international agreement in which countries go together and said they needed to phase out the production of ozone depleting substances (CFC)
-MOST successful international agreement |
montreal protocol
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gases absorb and reflect Infrared radiation energy back to earth's surface
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greenhouse effect
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CO2, H2O, CH4, O3, N2O, CFCs
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6 green house gases
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up 33% in the last 200 years due to deforestation and fossil fuel burning
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current trend of greenhouse effect and causes for it
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-preserve tiny air bubbles
-long columns drilled out -atmosphere composition -can determine GHGs, temp trends, snow, solar activity, and forest fires |
ice cores
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-cores drilled below water bodies with grains and plant matter used to infer the climate of the area
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sediment analysis
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CO2 samples from Manau Loa observatory
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Direct sampling
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weather balloon, type of direct sampling
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keeling curve
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-humans were responsible for climate change,
-there was evidence of warming, -1990's= warmest decade, less ice on north water, -biogeography shifting towards poles |
IPCC ( international Panel on climate change)
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-appliances, lightbulbs, electricity
-reduce car emissions -higher fuel efficiency |
list solutions to GHG emissions
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agreement that said US needed to change their ways when it comes to GHG emissions- US says NO WAY
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Kyoto protocol
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