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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selective Permeability
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Allows the membrane to determine what substances enter or leave a cell.
& determins what substances enter or leave a cell |
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Diffusion
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Is the process of random movement toward a state of equilibrium.
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Simple Diffusion
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Small molecules pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane.
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Osmosis
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Water molecules are abundant enough and small enough that they move through membranes by a diffusion process called osmosis
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Isotonic
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Solutions that have equal concentration
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Hypertonic
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more solution outside the cell then inside
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Hypotonic
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More solution inside the cell than outside
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Osmosis depends on the
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Number of solute particles present
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Plasma
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A fluid which red blood cells are normally suspended.
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Passive transport
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a process that does not require any input of outside energy to drive them.
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Active transport
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A process that requires the input of chemical energy from an outside force.
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Goes through channel proteins or by means of carrier protiens.
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How fast a substance diffuses depends on which four factors.
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Diameter- smaller the faster
Temperature- higher the faster Electrical charge Concentration Gradient- the greater the faster |
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Tugor pressure
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The pressure that keeps plants upright. Also the driving force for the enlargement of the plant cells.
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Integral membrane protiens may form...
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Channels through which substances can pass.
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Carrier proteins
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can speed up the diffusion of these substances when binding to a membrane protein.
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Membrane channel proteins have a...
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central pore lined with polar amino acids and water, and nonpolar amino acids on the outside of the protein.
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A gated channel opens when...
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something happens to change the three dimensional shape of the protein.
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Aquaporins
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Another way that water enters cells rapidly is through water channels
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Active transport
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The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against a concentration gradient requires the expenditure of chemical energy.
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Uniports
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move a single substance on direction
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Symports
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move two substances in the same direction.
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Antiports
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move two substances opposite directions, one in the cell and one outside the cell.
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Primary active transport
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requires the direct participation of the energy rich molecule ATP.
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Secondary active transport
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Does not use ATO directaly rather its energy is supplied by an ion concentration gradient established by primary active trasnport.
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coupled transporters
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Symports and antiports are known as thus because they move two substances at once.
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Carrier protiens
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Allow diffusion both into and out of the cell.
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