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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biosphere
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includes most regions of land and water and the atmosphere up to several kilometers: all of the Earth that is inhabited by life
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Ecosystem
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includes all the living organisms in an area, along with the nonliving parts of the environment with which they interact.
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Community
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consists of all the organisms inhabiting a particular area.
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Population
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includes the individual living entity.
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Organs and organ systems
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found in more complex organisms, perform life's functions.
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Tissues
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collections of similar cells. Several tissues make up an organ.
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Cells
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the fundamental unit of life
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Organelles
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functional components that make up cells
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Molecules
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composed of two or more atoms. they are the chemical units of life.
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what is life?
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the scientific study of life
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New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy
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The scale of biology extends from the biosphere to molecules. Interactions among components at each level of biological organization lead to the emergence of novel properties at the next level.
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Organisms interact with their environment exchanging matter and energy
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Both organisms and the environment are affected by interactions between them.
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Structure and function are correlated at all levels of the biological organization
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the form of a biological structure fits its function.
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Cells are an organisms basic units of structure and function
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the cell if the lowest structural level capable of performing all the activities of life.
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The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA
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the heritable information of a cell is coded in DNA, deoxyribonucliec acid, the substance of genes.
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Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems
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Many biological systems self-regulate by a mechanism called feedback.
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evolution
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the process of change that has shaped life from its origin on Earth to today's diversity as its organizing principle
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emergent properties
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results from the structural arrangement and interaction of parts
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Systems biology
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models biological systems and predicts their responses as variables change.
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prokaryotic cell
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unique to archaea, lacks both a nucleus to enclose its DNA ad most cytoplasmic organelles.
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eukaryotic cell
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has a nucleus containing its DNA, and numerous membrane bound organelles, is typical of all other living organisms
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genome
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all the genetic instructions an organism inherits
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Bioinformatics
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DNA sequencing machines
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negative feedback
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an end product slows down a process, often by inhibiting an enzyme
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positive feedback
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less common in biological processes an end product speeds up its own production.
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