Bio 51

Front 1

Behavior

Back 1

actions carried out by muscles under control of the nervous system in response to stimulus.

Front 2

Behavior ecology

Back 2

study of ecology and evolutionary basis of animal behavior.

Front 3

fixed action pattern

Back 3

sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus.

Front 4

sign stimulus

Back 4

it trigger the fixed action pattern behavior

Front 5

migration

Back 5

regular long distance change in location

Front 6

signal

Back 6

stimulus transmitted from one animal to another

Front 7

communications

Back 7

transmission and reception of signals
essential element of interaction between individuals

Front 8

pheromones

Back 8

animals that communicate through odors and tastes emits a chemical substance called pheromones

Front 9

innate behavior

Back 9

behaviors in a species that is developmentally fixed.

Front 10

cross fostering

Back 10

a young animal from one species is placed in the care of an adult from another species making the offspring behavior change which allows for measurement of social and physical environment influence on behavior.

Front 11

twin study

Back 11

explores influence of genetics and enviroment on behavior by comparing twins raised together and twins that were raised apart.

Front 12

learning

Back 12

modifications of behavior based on specific experence

Front 13

imprinting

Back 13

behavior including both learned and innate.
formation at a specific stage in life of long lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object.

Front 14

sensitive period

Back 14

how imprinting is distinguished from other learning.
a limited development phase when this type of learning can occur.

Front 15

spatial learning

Back 15

the establishment of memory that reflects the environment spatial structure.

Front 16

cognitive map

Back 16

a representation in the nervous system at the spatial relationship between objects in an animals surroundings

Front 17

associative learning

Back 17

being able to associate one environment feature to another

Front 18

cognition

Back 18

process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

Front 19

problem solving

Back 19

reveals info-processing of nervous system. cognitive activity of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real or apparent obstacles.

Front 20

social learning

Back 20

learning through observing others

Front 21

culture

Back 21

system of information transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individual in a population.

Front 22

foraging (food obtaining behavior)

Back 22

including eating, any activity an animal uses to find, recognize, and capture food items

Front 23

optimal foraging model

Back 23

natural selection should favor a foraging behavior that minimizes the cost of foraging and maximizes the benefits

Front 24

promiscous

Back 24

no strong bond only to mate

Front 25

monogamous

Back 25

mates remain together for sometime

Front 26

polyamous

Back 26

a male mating with many females

Front 27

mate choice copying

Back 27

a behavior in which an individual in a population copy the mate choice of others.

Front 28

game theory

Back 28

evaluates alternative strategy in situations where the outcome depends on the strategies of all individuals involved.

Front 29

inclusive fitness

Back 29

total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offsprings and provide aid enabling other close relatives who share same trait to produce offprings.

Front 30

coefficient of relatedness

Back 30

equals the fraction of genes on average are share

Front 31

hamilton's rule

Back 31

natural selection favors altruism when the benefits to the recipient muiltiplied by the coeffiecient of relatedness exceed cost of altruism

Front 32

altruism

Back 32

described as a behavior that reduces an animals fitness but increases the fitness of other individuals in the population.

Front 33

kin selection

Back 33

natural selection that favors altruism behavior by enhancing reproductive success of relative.

Front 34

reciprocal altruism

Back 34

behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time

Front 35

sociobology

Back 35

certain behavioral characteristic exist because they are expression of genes that have been perpetuated by natural selection.