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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe a cell's life cycle |
Cell cycle creates new cells. Interphase: cell growth, G1, S, G2 phases, Mitotic (M) Phase |
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Describe the processes involved in DNA replication. |
DNA Replication: Copied before cell division Mutations: after DNA Mechanisms of Repair: DNA repair enzymes |
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Describe the processes involved in protein synthesis. |
Transcription: Converting a gene's code into mRNA Translation: making a protein from RNA Initiation Elongation Termination |
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Mitosis |
Offspring identical to original |
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Prophase |
Chromosomes condense, nucleus dismantled |
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Metaphase |
Duplicated chromosomes align in one plane |
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Anaphase |
Duplicate DNA molecules separate and move toward opposite sides. |
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Telophase |
Reverse effects of prophase |
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Cytokinesis |
Division of one cell into two; mitosis produces diploid offspring, meiosis produces haploid offspring. |
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Meiosis |
Preparing for sexual reproduction; halving the number of chromosomes in offspring Meiosis 1 and 2 |
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Describe the regulation of cell reproduction |
Internal control mechanism: regulates cell cycle. EX: cyclins |
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List and discuss the environmental factors influencing cell differentiation |
Deifferentiaon in early development. Differentiation in later development |
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Genotype |
The genetic makeup of an individual organism. The genetic basis of phenotype. |
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Homologous chromosomes |
One of a pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis and are identical in morphology and arrangement |
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Alleles |
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
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Homozygous |
You have a pair of matching alleles. EX. Type O blood |
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Heterozygous |
One gene is dominant and one is recessive. Ex. Type AB blood |
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Phenotype |
The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Ex: physical appearance and behavior. |
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Patterns of genetic inheritance |
Punnett square analysis Mendel Dominant Alleles Two Trait Crosses |
