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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytoplasm
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Region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
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Flagella
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Long thin whip-like structures
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Sex Chromosome
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1 or 2 chromosomes of the 23rd pair of human chromosomes which determines gender
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Chromosome
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condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide
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Cytokinesis
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Process which cytoplasm of a cell is divided in 2
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Diploid
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Having 2 or more homologous sets of chromosomes
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Golgi Apparatus
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Cellular Organelles that modifies, stores, and routes cell products
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Mitochondria
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Cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs (power house)
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Cilia
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short structures projecting forma cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cells surface
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ATP
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main energy source that cells use for most of their work
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Adhesion
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Attraction between unlike molecules
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Monomers
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small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule
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Capillary
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Blood vessel that carries blood between an artery and a vein, allowing exchange of substances
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Lysosome
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membrane bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
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Ribosome
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Cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell
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Mitosis
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Nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei
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Osmosis
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passive transport of water across a selectively membrane
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Diffusion
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Net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
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Active Transport
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Movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by a cell
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Passive Transport
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Diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell
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Autosome
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Any chromosome that’s not a sex chromosome
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Biogenesis
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Living organisms develop only from other living organisms and not from living matter
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Binary Fission
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Mode of prokaryote asexual reproduction in which each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent’s chromosome
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DNA Fingerprint
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Unique bonding pattern on an electrophoresis gel
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Haploid
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having a single set of chromosomes
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Translation
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A sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids
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Cell Wall
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Strong wall outside a plant cells plasma membrane that protects
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Chloroplast
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Organelle found in small plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place
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Natural Selection
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Individuals with inherited characteristics well suited to the environment leave more off spring than do other individuals
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Transcription
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DNA template is used to produce a single stranded RNA molecule
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Evolution
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generation to generation change in the proportion of different inherited genes in a population
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