Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the most potent form of somatostatin?
|
prosomatostatin
|
|
|
what metabolites increase somatostatin release?
|
glucose, arginine, and leucine (somatostatin inhibits glucagon which stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis)
|
|
|
which cells secrete GH?
|
somatotroph cells synthesize and secrete GH
|
|
|
what physiologic factors stimulate GH release?
|
low blood glucose, high blood amino acids, stress, sleep, exercise
|
|
|
what are the effects of GH?
|
gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, decrease glucose uptake, increase protein synthesis
|
|
|
what are the catecholamines?
|
epinephrine, NE
|
|
|
what are the precursors of the catecholamines?
|
tyrosine
|
|
|
what stimulates the synthesis and release of epinephrine and NE?
|
Ca2+ (ACh depolarizes the membrane, allowing Ca2+ to enter the cell)
|
|
|
what are the effects of epinephrine on fuel metabolism ?
|
gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis; inhibits insulin (epinephrine is released in stress responses to make fuel available for fight or flight reactions)
|
|
|
what stimulates the synthesis and release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
|
ACh and serotonin
|
|
|
what are the effects of glucocorticoids on fuel metabolism?
|
gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, lipolysis, decreased glucose utilization in adipose and muscle, protein degradation, and decreased protein synthesis (GCs act to make fuels available, so that when epinephrine is released, you can fight or flee)
|
|
|
pt. presents with elevated serum free T3, T4, and TSH, but has symptoms of mild hypothyroidism, including a diffuse, palpable goiter
|
Refetoff's disorder
|
|
|
what is Refetoff's disorder?
|
partial resistance to the actions of thyroid hormone caused by a mutation in the β subunit of the thyroid hormone receptor protein, which causes a relative resistance to the suppressive action of thyroid hormone on the secretion of TSH
|
|
|
which hypothalamic nucleus produces GHRH?
|
arcuate nucleus
|
|
|
what is the function of GH?
|
increase availability of FAs to be oxidized for energy, spare glucose and protein
|
|
|
pt. presents with excessive sweating, palpitations, tremulousness, and HTN. Urine and blood tests revealed elevated epinephrine and NE. what is the diagnosis?
|
pheochromocytoma; the catecholamine metabolites (metanephrines and VMA may also be elevated)
|
|
|
which nucleus produces CRH?
|
paraventricular
|
|
|
What's the difference b/w Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome?
|
Cushing's disease is increased cortisol resulting from an increase in ACTH
Cushing's syndrome is a primary increase in cortisol due to an adrenocortical tumor |
|
|
what are the major differences b/w epinephrine and glucocorticoids (cortisol)?
|
epinephrine causes glycogen breakdown while GCs synthesize glycogen; GCs also stimulate protein degradation
|
|
|
an excess of which hormone causes a tendency to bruise easily?
|
cortisol b/c it increases proteolysis for gluconeogenesis
|
|
|
what is the likely cause of increased fat stores in people with excess cortisol (Cushing's)?
|
increased glucose results in hyperinsulinemia
|
|
|
what is the active form of thyroid hormone?
|
3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (unoccupied 5' position)
|
|
|
what are radioimmunoassays?
|
uses antibodies against antigens to detect hormone levels; the antigen is radiolabeled and competes for binding to the antibody
|
