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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Nucleus |
Where is the genetic material DNA located? |
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Cytoplasm |
Space inside the cell up to nucleus; made of jelly-like fluid called cytosol |
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Ribosomes |
All cells have____ - a organelle that assembles proteins based on DNA instructions. |
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Prokaryotic cell |
Smaller than eukaryotic cell, no nucleus, dna is coiled in the nucleoid, only organelles are ribosomes, has a rigid cell wall surrounding plasma membrane, has sticky outer coat called capsule, walls may have pili, flagella (hair looking thing) |
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Eukaryotic cell |
Which type of cell does animals, plants, prtists and fungi belong to? |
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Selective permeability |
For eukaryotic cells, Only certain substance allowed to flow in and out of cell, and some only at certain times, and in certain amounts. |
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Passive transport |
No energy required for molecules to pass through the membrane |
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Transport protein |
Protein that spans the membrane and helps molecules move across (facilitated transport); can be a open channel, gatedchannel, receptor, recognition, enzyme or pump |
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Concentration gradient |
Molecules exist in different concentrations on either side if the cell membrane |
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Diffusion |
Molecules will move from areas of high concentration to low across the plasma membrane; stepper the gradient the faster the molecules move |
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Osmosis |
A specific type of diffusion involving water |
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Tonicity |
Concentration of solutes in solution |
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Hypotonic |
Fewer solutes dissolved in water |
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Hypertonic |
More solutes dissolved in water |
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Isotonic |
Solute concentration is equal accross the membrane |
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Hypotonic, hypertonic |
Water moves from a ___ condition to a _____ one, moving down its concentration gradient |
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Cytoskeleton |
Structurally supports, gives shape to cell; moves cells and its parts |
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Mitochondrion |
Energy powerhouse; produces ATP by cellular respiration |
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Centrioles |
Special centers that produce and organize microtubules |
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Plama membrane |
Controls the kinds and amounts of substances moving into and out of the cell |
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Nucleus |
Round organelle within the cell which holds and protects the genetic material, DNA; has its own double membrane system called the nuclear envelope. Keeps DNA away from potentially damaging reactions in cytoplasm |
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Ribosomes |
(Attached to rough ER and free in cytoplasm) sites of ptotein synthesis |
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Smooth er |
Makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins |
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Golgi body |
Modifies, sorts, ships proteins and lipids for export or for insertion into cell membranes |
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Lysosome |
Digests, recycles materials. Waste management of cell |
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Nucleolus |
Within tje nucleus is a dense mass (looks like nucleus has it own nucleus), proteins and RNAs are put together here to make parts of ribosomes. |
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Ribosomes |
Made of peoteins and pieces of RNA, they assemble polypeptide chaind of amino acids, which make new proteins. |
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Ribosomes |
Move out to the cytoplasm or attach to another organelle to do their job |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Flat, channel-like organelle that connects to the nuclear envelope and enfolds out into the cytoplasm |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
Main role is finishing off proteins that began their assembly in ribosomes in the nucleus; phospolipids manufactured here go out to construct new plasma m3mbrane |
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
Most types of lipids are manufactured here. Attaches to rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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Golgi apparatus |
Works with ER to complete lipids and peoteins; placed in vesicles that take them to their destinations |
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Peroxisome |
Sac of enzymes that break down the other organic molecules that lysosomes dont; fatty acids and amino acids Helps break down alcohol in the liver and kidney |
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Vacuoles |
Large sacs of membrane that bud from endoplasmic reticulum
Variety of functions include food processi ng, water regulation, and in plants, the central ____ is the main storage organelle |
Same asnwer |
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Mitochondria |
Responsible for producing ATP, main source of energy |
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Choloroplasts |
In plant cells, the organelles that perform photosynthesis |
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Photosynthesis |
The process of converting the suns energy to chemical energy in the form of organic molecules |
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Stroma |
Thick fluid inside the chloroplast |
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Grana |
within the fluid, a network of interconnected discs; structures that trap sunlight and convert it to chemical energy, mainly in the form of sugars |
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Cytoskeleyon |
Interconnections of fibers, thereads and lattices form from proteins and exists in the cytosol Pieces break down, rearrange and reform allowing cell to change shape or move (like amoeba) |
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Microtubules |
Straight, hollow protein tubes; organize the celss interior and aid in moving cell parts. |
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Microfilaments |
Smaller protein fibers that act as reinforcement and anchors |
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Flagella, cilia |
Movement through extracellular space can be achieved through _____ (tail like structures) or ____(feathery threads along the cell surface) made of microtubules |
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ATP |
adenosine triphosphate |
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Atp |
Is a nucleotide that is the source of cellular energy |
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Enzyme |
Reaction catalysts; make them happen faster than they normally would on their own; lowers the activation energy required to start the reactions; mostly are proteins |
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Fluid mosaic model |
Phospolipids and peoteins drift and rotate within the membrane |
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Passive transport |
No energy required for molecules to pass through the membrane |
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Transport protein |
Protein that spans the membrane and helps molecule move accross. Specific proteins movi ng specific molecules. |
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Active transport |
Membrane proteins pumps use energy to transport molecules accross opposite their concentration gradient |
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Endocytosis |
A vesicle brings substances in bulk into the cell |
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Exocytosis |
A vesicle ejects substances in bulk from the cell |
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Active site |
Area on the enzyme where the substrate binds |
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