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53 Cards in this Set

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Nucleus

Where is the genetic material DNA located?

Cytoplasm

Space inside the cell up to nucleus; made of jelly-like fluid called cytosol

Ribosomes

All cells have____ - a organelle that assembles proteins based on DNA instructions.

Prokaryotic cell

Smaller than eukaryotic cell, no nucleus, dna is coiled in the nucleoid, only organelles are ribosomes, has a rigid cell wall surrounding plasma membrane, has sticky outer coat called capsule, walls may have pili, flagella (hair looking thing)

Eukaryotic cell

Which type of cell does animals, plants, prtists and fungi belong to?

Selective permeability

For eukaryotic cells, Only certain substance allowed to flow in and out of cell, and some only at certain times, and in certain amounts.

Passive transport

No energy required for molecules to pass through the membrane

Transport protein

Protein that spans the membrane and helps molecules move across (facilitated transport); can be a open channel, gatedchannel, receptor, recognition, enzyme or pump

Concentration gradient

Molecules exist in different concentrations on either side if the cell membrane

Diffusion

Molecules will move from areas of high concentration to low across the plasma membrane; stepper the gradient the faster the molecules move

Osmosis

A specific type of diffusion involving water

Tonicity

Concentration of solutes in solution

Hypotonic

Fewer solutes dissolved in water

Hypertonic

More solutes dissolved in water

Isotonic

Solute concentration is equal accross the membrane

Hypotonic, hypertonic

Water moves from a ___ condition to a _____ one, moving down its concentration gradient

Cytoskeleton

Structurally supports, gives shape to cell; moves cells and its parts

Mitochondrion

Energy powerhouse; produces ATP by cellular respiration

Centrioles

Special centers that produce and organize microtubules

Plama membrane

Controls the kinds and amounts of substances moving into and out of the cell

Nucleus

Round organelle within the cell which holds and protects the genetic material, DNA; has its own double membrane system called the nuclear envelope. Keeps DNA away from potentially damaging reactions in cytoplasm

Ribosomes

(Attached to rough ER and free in cytoplasm) sites of ptotein synthesis

Smooth er

Makes lipids, degrades fats, inactivates toxins

Golgi body

Modifies, sorts, ships proteins and lipids for export or for insertion into cell membranes

Lysosome

Digests, recycles materials. Waste management of cell

Nucleolus

Within tje nucleus is a dense mass (looks like nucleus has it own nucleus), proteins and RNAs are put together here to make parts of ribosomes.

Ribosomes

Made of peoteins and pieces of RNA, they assemble polypeptide chaind of amino acids, which make new proteins.

Ribosomes

Move out to the cytoplasm or attach to another organelle to do their job

Endoplasmic reticulum

Flat, channel-like organelle that connects to the nuclear envelope and enfolds out into the cytoplasm

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Main role is finishing off proteins that began their assembly in ribosomes in the nucleus; phospolipids manufactured here go out to construct new plasma m3mbrane

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Most types of lipids are manufactured here. Attaches to rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Works with ER to complete lipids and peoteins; placed in vesicles that take them to their destinations

Peroxisome

Sac of enzymes that break down the other organic molecules that lysosomes dont; fatty acids and amino acids



Helps break down alcohol in the liver and kidney

Vacuoles

Large sacs of membrane that bud from endoplasmic reticulum



Variety of functions include food processi ng, water regulation, and in plants, the central ____ is the main storage organelle

Same asnwer

Mitochondria

Responsible for producing ATP, main source of energy

Choloroplasts

In plant cells, the organelles that perform photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

The process of converting the suns energy to chemical energy in the form of organic molecules

Stroma

Thick fluid inside the chloroplast

Grana

within the fluid, a network of interconnected discs; structures that trap sunlight and convert it to chemical energy, mainly in the form of sugars

Cytoskeleyon

Interconnections of fibers, thereads and lattices form from proteins and exists in the cytosol



Pieces break down, rearrange and reform allowing cell to change shape or move (like amoeba)

Microtubules

Straight, hollow protein tubes; organize the celss interior and aid in moving cell parts.

Microfilaments

Smaller protein fibers that act as reinforcement and anchors

Flagella, cilia

Movement through extracellular space can be achieved through _____ (tail like structures) or ____(feathery threads along the cell surface) made of microtubules

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

Atp

Is a nucleotide that is the source of cellular energy

Enzyme

Reaction catalysts; make them happen faster than they normally would on their own; lowers the activation energy required to start the reactions; mostly are proteins

Fluid mosaic model

Phospolipids and peoteins drift and rotate within the membrane

Passive transport

No energy required for molecules to pass through the membrane

Transport protein

Protein that spans the membrane and helps molecule move accross. Specific proteins movi ng specific molecules.

Active transport

Membrane proteins pumps use energy to transport molecules accross opposite their concentration gradient

Endocytosis

A vesicle brings substances in bulk into the cell

Exocytosis

A vesicle ejects substances in bulk from the cell

Active site

Area on the enzyme where the substrate binds