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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Karl Von Frisch
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guy who studied bees and their behavior
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during cloudy weather, bees continue to forage by....
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using a combo of memory of the Sun's course and landmarks
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what is true flight?
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self-powered, sustained motion through the air
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arboreal theory
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proposed that birds gradually evolved flight through the transition of a tree-living animal from gliding to powered flight
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cursorial theory
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proposed that flight developed by a running bipedal animal as a result of the evolution of proto-wings that produced thrust and thus greater speed
MOST PLAUSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR EVOLUTION OF FLIGHT |
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migration is more common among...
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birds in higher latitudes
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bobolinks have...
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the New World's longest migration and use internal cues rather than stellar ones
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Western European birds winter in...
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West Africa
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Eastern European birds winter in...
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East Afirca
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raptors use....
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thermals and updrafts to fly
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281 species of birds migrate through....
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Eurasia and Africa
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Elenora's falcons...
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prey on birds trying to make it across difficult barriers
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about 5% of the Eurasian-African migratory species are...
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either mainly or wholly seed eaters
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migratory birds often times tend to....
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spend more time in the Tropics annually than they spend in their northern breeding grounds
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migratory birds tend to inhabit....
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uncut forests, secondary growth, upland areas and edge habitats
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monarch butterflies fly along 3 major flyways...
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the East Coast, the Missippi Valley and the West Coast.
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toothed whales migrations are
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less extensive than baleen spcies migrations
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echolocation
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helps to navigate throughout caves
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an association of soils, resulting from difference of drainage and relief is called...
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catena
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Why don't caribou interbreed?
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because of different migratory routes
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What 3 places have the most bird diversity?
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Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador
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What determines a whale's migration?
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Food supply
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What is an example of an altitudinal migrant?
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finch; in winter it lives at the base of the mountain and during the summer it climbs upward for a climate change
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What are the 3 most efficient types of migration?
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1.Swimming
2. Flying 3. Walk/run |
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Sedentary vs. Migratory
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Sedentary means it does not migrate. Food and climate are perfect wherever a sedentary lives. This avoids the bottleneck effect.
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leapfrog migration is....
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answer will be non-migrators
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Hazards of migration are....
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1. passes over water
2. loss of body weight 3. loss of territory 4. competition for new territory |
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Advantages of migration are....
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1. genetic mixing
2. escape bad weather/climate 3. natural selection (weaker birds die on trek, strong survive) 4. new food |
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T or F. Loss of 1/4 of a bird population is advantageous.
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TRUE
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Pied flycatchers
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when the caterpillar it eats becomes toxic, it migrates to wherever the caterpillar isnt toxic
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Purple martin
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has homing capabilities
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wild canary
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was getting pushed north, it go too cold up north so it migrated south
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Antartic tern, wandering albatross
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a mainly sedentary bird that circumnavigates the South Pole
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Artic Tern
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champion migrator; from Antartica to the Artic Circle
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T or F: as you increase in latitude, there will be an increased percentage of birds.
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TRUE
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blackfooted and shorttail albatross
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migrate east to west
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starlings
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use celestial or solar navigation. hardwired with magnetic help along with landmark recognition
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Major Fanual Regions
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1. Neartic= N. America
2. Neotropical= S. Amer 3. Ethiopian= Africa 4. Paleartic= Europe 5. Oriental= Asia 6. Austrailian 7. Antartica |
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T or F: migratory barriers are greater in the Eastern hemisphere than the Western hemisphere.
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True
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T or F: its harder for a bird to get from the Neartic to Neotropical.
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FALSE
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3 Barriers
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1. Climatic
2. Topographic 3. Oceanic |
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T or F: 50% of birds that die along migratory routes are adults.
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FALSE
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When you fly south, it is for...
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Climate, temp.
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When you fly north, it is for...
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Food, resources
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Alfred Wallace wrote.....
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The Malay Archiepelago
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background level of extinction
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average rate of species extinction over long stretches of time.
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Jablonski
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palontologist who said the background level was at "perhpas a few species per million years for most kinds of organism"
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Paul Ehrlich
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one of the grandfathers of conservation, current extinction rate of mammals and birds is 100 times the background level
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Ed Wilson
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estimates that the current loss of rainforest species is at least 1000 times above normal
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Simberloff
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article "Are We on the Verge of a Mass Extinction in Tropical Rain Forests?
Said, yes, the current events in extinction are probably the worst the world has ever seen |
