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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actogram |
The activity/time graph of an organism |
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Auxin |
A plant hormone that lengthens cells |
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Biological clock |
A timing mechanism in living things that is genetically determined |
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Biological orientation |
Directional behaviours such as taxes, homing, migration, tropisms etc. |
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Chemo |
Prefix related to chemical |
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Circadian |
A rhythm of about 24 hours |
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Circannual |
A rhythm of about 1 year |
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Crepuscular |
Active at dawn and dusk |
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Critical day length |
Photoperiod above which long-day plants flower and below which short-day plants flower |
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Diurnal |
Active during the day |
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Dormancy |
When seeds will not germinate unless certain conditions such as the cutting of the coat or a long period of cold happens |
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Effectors |
Muscles and glands that respond to a stimulus |
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Endogenous |
An internal rhythm that occurs when there are no external cues. It is caused by a biological clock |
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Entrainment |
Forcing the free running period to follow an external pattern |
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Etiolation |
Rapid plant growth at the expense of strengthening tissue caused by gibberellin, a plant hormone |
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Exogenous |
A rhythm that continues only when external cues are present |
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Free running period |
The natural period of the rhythm if there are no external cues |
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Geo |
Prefix meaning gravitational |
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Geomagnetic cues |
Often used for directional cues (esp. birds), a sense of earth's magnetic field (useful on cloudy days where the solar compass cannot be used) |
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Hibernation |
Period of inactivity to survive adverse (usually cold) conditions by lowering the metabolic rate |
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Hierarchy |
When animals are ranked. A linear hierarchy is where every animal is above or below another; there are no equals |
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Homing |
The ability to find and return to the home site (in animals only) |
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Hormones |
A water soluble chemical messenger that is concentration sensitive. It is an effector and in plants can influence growth, timing and cell division |
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Innate |
Inherited behaviour |
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Kinesis |
Orientation movement of an animal in which the stimulus governs the rate but not the direction of the movement |
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Learned |
Behaviour modified by experience |
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Long-day plant |
A plant that flowers when length of day exceeds a certain minimum value |
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Migration |
Regular (usually annual) mass movement of members of a species from a place where they breed to another place where they usually feed and then back again |
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Mimicry |
Adaptive resemblance between unrelated species |
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Nastic |
Response of a plant organ to a non-directional environmental stimulus e.g. light intensity |
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Nocturnal |
Active mainly at night |
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Optic lobes |
Visual centres of the brain |
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Phase shift |
A phase of a rhythm, such as it peaks, is shifted so that entrainment occurs |
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Photo |
Prefix meaning light |
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Phytochrome |
A protein pigment found in plants, acting as the light receptor for photoperiodism in plants and some seed germination |
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Pigment |
Any material resulting in colour of plant or animal cells which is the result of selective colour absorption |
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Receptors |
A cell or organ able to detect changes in the environment e.g. eye is the receptor of light |
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Short-day plants |
Plant that flowers when day length is less than a certain minimum value |
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Star compass/stellar navigation |
Orientation guide for animals finding their way using star patterns |
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Stimulus |
Change in an organism's surroundings to which it can respond |
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Sun compass/solar navigation |
Directional/orientation aid using the direction of the sun |
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Taxes |
Orientation movements of animals in which the direction of movement depends on the direction of the stimulus |
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Thigmo- |
Prefix for touch |
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Tropism |
Plant movements which occur by growth and in which the direction of the response depends on the direction of the stimulus |
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Zeitgeber |
External environmental cue by which an internal clock is reset |
